Question 1

Does thymic negative selection always need to involve death of the self-reactive T cell?

Accepted Answer

No.Other mechanisms have been

Question 2

In what way do the four double-negative stages of T-cell development demonstrate the organization of T-cell development according to spatial parameters?

Accepted Answer

The four double-negative stages occur wi

Question 3

Which stage of DN selection is characterized by rapid proliferation of thymocytes in the subcapsular cortex of the thymus and suppression of TCR rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

A) DN1 
B) DN2 
C) DN3 
D) DN4 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) DN1 
B) DN2 
C) DN3 
D) DN4 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 4

Please list two mechanisms, independent of central tolerance, which can help maintain self-tolerance.Why are such additional mechanisms needed?

Accepted Answer

The activities of regulatory T

Question 5

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between natural TREGs and induced TREGs?

Accepted Answer

A) Natural TREGs differentiate into induced TREGs in response to stimulation through the TCR. 
B) Natural TREGs are derived from memory T cells, and induced TREGs differentiate directly from developing thymocytes. 
C) Natural TREGs develop in the thymus, and induced TREGs develop in the periphery. 
D) Natural TREGs have less diverse TCRs than induced TREGs. 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) Natural TREGs differentiate into induced TREGs in response to stimulation through the TCR. 
B) Natural TREGs are derived from memory T cells, and induced TREGs differentiate directly from developing thymocytes. 
C) Natural TREGs develop in the thymus, and induced TREGs develop in the periphery. 
D) Natural TREGs have less diverse TCRs than induced TREGs. 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Injecting a TCR transgenic mouse with the peptide that it recognizes would result in an increase in which process?

Accepted Answer

A) Positive selection 
B) Negative selection 
C) Complement fixation 
D) Phagocytosis 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) Positive selection 
B) Negative selection 
C) Complement fixation 
D) Phagocytosis 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

Thymocytes whose TCR preferentially interacts with MHC II generates a continuous signal that initiates which cell type to be generated?

Accepted Answer

A) CD8+ T cells 
B) CD4+ T cells 
C) SP thymocytes 
D) DP thymocytes 
E) Both CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. 
A) CD8+ T cells 
B) CD4+ T cells 
C) SP thymocytes 
D) DP thymocytes 
E) Both CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells.

Question 8

Which of the following represents the EARLIEST stage in T-cell development?

Accepted Answer

A) DP 
B) DN 
C) SP-CD4 
D) SP-CD8 
E) Mature T cell 
A) DP 
B) DN 
C) SP-CD4 
D) SP-CD8 
E) Mature T cell

Question 9

At what stage of T-cell development is the pre-TCR expressed?

Accepted Answer

A) DN 
B) DP 
C) SP 
D) Pro-T cell 
E) None of the answers are correct. 
A) DN 
B) DP 
C) SP 
D) Pro-T cell 
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

What happens to autoreactive cells that escape the thymus?

Accepted Answer

A) They attack self-tissues. 
B) They can be rendered anergic. 
C) They negatively regulate other autoreactive cells. 
D) They require TCR ligation and costimulation to be activated. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) They attack self-tissues. 
B) They can be rendered anergic. 
C) They negatively regulate other autoreactive cells. 
D) They require TCR ligation and costimulation to be activated. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

In your own words, explain why thymic selection is needed?

Accepted Answer

Due to the randomness of TCR gene rearra

Question 12

What are the two major goals of lymphocyte development?

Accepted Answer

The two goals are (1) to ensur

Question 13

TREGs have been shown to be protective against which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) Inflammatory bowel disease 
B) HIV disease 
C) Influenza infection 
D) MRSA 
E) Malaria 
A) Inflammatory bowel disease 
B) HIV disease 
C) Influenza infection 
D) MRSA 
E) Malaria

Question 14

How do self-antigens that are specific to tissues away from the thymus (like insulin or keratin for example) get in the thymus so that developing T cells that react to them can be deleted?

Accepted Answer

A) Dendritic cells pick them up in the periphery and carry them to the thymus. 
B) Specialized macrophages in the thymus filter the bloodstream and present antigens found there to developing T cells. 
C) A transcription factor, AIRE, is expressed in thymic medullary epithelial cells, which allows these cells to express proteins normally found in other tissues. 
D) They do not get to the thymus, all tissue-specific T cells are deleted in the periphery. 
E) There are special chaperone proteins that bind to peripheral proteins and carry them to the thymus. 
A) Dendritic cells pick them up in the periphery and carry them to the thymus. 
B) Specialized macrophages in the thymus filter the bloodstream and present antigens found there to developing T cells. 
C) A transcription factor, AIRE, is expressed in thymic medullary epithelial cells, which allows these cells to express proteins normally found in other tissues. 
D) They do not get to the thymus, all tissue-specific T cells are deleted in the periphery. 
E) There are special chaperone proteins that bind to peripheral proteins and carry them to the thymus.

Question 15

Name that cell.I am a small, nonproliferating cell found within the thymic cortex and contain CD4 and CD8 on my cell surface.

Accepted Answer

A) DN thymocyte 
B) DP thymocyte 
C) Thymocyte 
D) DN1 cell 
E) DN4 cell 
A) DN thymocyte 
B) DP thymocyte 
C) Thymocyte 
D) DN1 cell 
E) DN4 cell

Question 16

Signaling through the pre-TCR occurs as a result of

Accepted Answer

A) binding to MHC class I. 
B) binding to MHC class II. 
C) binding to either MHC class I or MHC class II. 
D) successful assembly of the pre-TCR. 
E) expression of CD4. 
A) binding to MHC class I. 
B) binding to MHC class II. 
C) binding to either MHC class I or MHC class II. 
D) successful assembly of the pre-TCR. 
E) expression of CD4.

Does thymic negative selection always need to involve death of the self-reactive T cell?

In what way do the four double-negative stages of T-cell development demonstrate the organization of T-cell development according to spatial parameters?

Which stage of DN selection is characterized by rapid proliferation of thymocytes in the subcapsular cortex of the thymus and suppression of TCR rearrangement?

Please list two mechanisms, independent of central tolerance, which can help maintain self-tolerance.Why are such additional mechanisms needed?

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between natural T_REGs and induced T_REGs?

Injecting a TCR transgenic mouse with the peptide that it recognizes would result in an increase in which process?

Thymocytes whose TCR preferentially interacts with MHC II generates a continuous signal that initiates which cell type to be generated?

Which of the following represents the EARLIEST stage in T-cell development?

At what stage of T-cell development is the pre-TCR expressed?

What happens to autoreactive cells that escape the thymus?

In your own words, explain why thymic selection is needed?

What are the two major goals of lymphocyte development?

T_REGs have been shown to be protective against which of the following conditions?

How do self-antigens that are specific to tissues away from the thymus (like insulin or keratin for example) get in the thymus so that developing T cells that react to them can be deleted?

Name that cell.I am a small, nonproliferating cell found within the thymic cortex and contain CD4 and CD8 on my cell surface.

Signaling through the pre-TCR occurs as a result of

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 8: T-Cell Development

Does thymic negative selection always need to involve death of the self-reactive T cell?

In what way do the four double-negative stages of T-cell development demonstrate the organization of T-cell development according to spatial parameters?

Which stage of DN selection is characterized by rapid proliferation of thymocytes in the subcapsular cortex of the thymus and suppression of TCR rearrangement?

Please list two mechanisms, independent of central tolerance, which can help maintain self-tolerance.Why are such additional mechanisms needed?

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between natural TREGs and induced TREGs?

Injecting a TCR transgenic mouse with the peptide that it recognizes would result in an increase in which process?

Thymocytes whose TCR preferentially interacts with MHC II generates a continuous signal that initiates which cell type to be generated?

Which of the following represents the EARLIEST stage in T-cell development?

At what stage of T-cell development is the pre-TCR expressed?

What happens to autoreactive cells that escape the thymus?

In your own words, explain why thymic selection is needed?

What are the two major goals of lymphocyte development?

TREGs have been shown to be protective against which of the following conditions?

How do self-antigens that are specific to tissues away from the thymus (like insulin or keratin for example) get in the thymus so that developing T cells that react to them can be deleted?

Name that cell.I am a small, nonproliferating cell found within the thymic cortex and contain CD4 and CD8 on my cell surface.

Signaling through the pre-TCR occurs as a result of

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

B-Cell Development

T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between natural T_REGs and induced T_REGs?

T_REGs have been shown to be protective against which of the following conditions?