Exam 10: An Introduction to Kinetics and Equilibrium

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A 50.0 mL solution of 0.015 M of Ca(NO3)2 is added to 50.0 mL of 0.010 M NaF. Write a net ionic equation that shows the formation of a precipitate of CaF2(s). Given that the Ksp of CaF2(s) is 4.0 x 10-11, will a precipitate form from this mixture?

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Which is the correct reaction for the solubility constant expression (Ksp) of CaF2(s)?

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Which of the following statements is correct?

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What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the following reaction? 2 CO(g) + O2(g) What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the following reaction?  2 CO(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2 CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + heat 2 CO2(g) + heat

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Suppose that the reaction quotient, Qc, for a chemical reaction was found to be close to unity (Qc \approx 1). Given this information we can accurately predict

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What is the fluoride ion concentration in a saturated solution of SrF2 if the strontium ion concentration is 5.8 x 10 - 4 M?

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What is the relationship between the changes in the concentration of NO2 and O2 as the following reaction comes to equilibrium? 2 NO2(g) What is the relationship between the changes in the concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> as the following reaction comes to equilibrium?  2 NO<sub>2</sub>(g)   2 NO(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)   K<sub>c</sub> = 7.4 x 10<sup>-16</sup>   (at 25°C) 2 NO(g) + O2(g)   Kc = 7.4 x 10-16   (at 25°C)

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If 6.5 x 10 - 5 moles of Ag2CrO4 will dissolve in 1.0 liter of water at 25 If 6.5 x 10 <sup>-</sup> <sup>5</sup> moles of Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> will dissolve in 1.0 liter of water at 25   C, what is the K<sub>sp</sub> of Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>? C, what is the Ksp of Ag2CrO4?

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What is the correct solubility constant expression of Ba3(PO4)2?

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One of the products of the reaction between NO2 and CO is CO2. By writing the equation for the reaction (Hint: the coefficients for all reactants and products are 1), decide whether an increase in pressure:

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What would happen if Cl2 is added to the following system at equilibrium? H2(g) + Cl2(g) What would happen if Cl<sub>2</sub> is added to the following system at equilibrium? H<sub>2</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)   2 HCl(g) 2 HCl(g)

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Which of the following changes will shift the following equilibrium to the right? AgCl(s)  Which of the following changes will shift the following equilibrium to the right? AgCl(s)   Ag<sup>+</sup>(aq) + Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq)     \Delta  H = 65.4 kJ/mol<sub>rxn</sub> Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)   Δ\Delta H = 65.4 kJ/molrxn

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For the reaction 2 NOCl(g) For the reaction 2 NOCl(g)   2 NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>   K<sub>c</sub> = 5.6 x 10<sup>-6</sup>   (at 400 K)  What is the relationship between the magnitude of the changes in the concentrations of NOCl and Cl<sub>2</sub> as this reaction comes to equilibrium? 2 NO(g) + Cl2   Kc = 5.6 x 10-6   (at 400 K) What is the relationship between the magnitude of the changes in the concentrations of NOCl and Cl2 as this reaction comes to equilibrium?

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The equilibrium constant for the following reaction becomes larger as the temperature at which the reaction is run increases. 2 NOCl(g) The equilibrium constant for the following reaction becomes larger as the temperature at which the reaction is run increases.  2 NOCl(g)   2 NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)   K<sub>c</sub> = 5.6 x 10<sup>-6</sup> at 400 K What does this tell us about the reaction? 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)   Kc = 5.6 x 10-6 at 400 K What does this tell us about the reaction?

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If at any moment in time, we find that Qc is larger than Kc for the reaction Cl2(g) + 3 F2(g) If at any moment in time, we find that Q<sub>c</sub> is larger than K<sub>c</sub> for the reaction Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) + 3 F<sub>2</sub>(g)   2 ClF<sub>3</sub>(g) We can conclude that: 2 ClF3(g) We can conclude that:

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Which of the following equations correctly describes the relationship between the concentrations of Sr2+ and PO43- ions in a saturated solution of Sr3(PO4)2(s)?

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What would happen to the extent of the decomposition of PCl5 at a given temperature if the pressure on the system were decreased? PCl5(g) What would happen to the extent of the decomposition of PCl<sub>5</sub> at a given temperature if the pressure on the system were decreased?  PCl<sub>5</sub>(g)   PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

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Hidden Assumptions that make Equilibrium Calculations Easier What Do We Do When the Approximation Fails? based on the following reaction: 2H2O(g) Hidden Assumptions that make Equilibrium Calculations Easier What Do We Do When the Approximation Fails?  based on the following reaction:  2H<sub>2</sub>O(g)   2H<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) K<sub>c</sub> = 2 x 10<sup>-42</sup> (at 25<sup>o</sup>C) -When solving a problem with the initial conditions outlined below, we rearrange the problem to give an intermediate set of conditions where the concentration of one of the reactants or products is equal to zero. Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>   Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub> + CO Initial: 0.10 M   0.10 M 0.005 M Our choice of whether to push the reaction all the way to the right or all the way to the left is determined by which of the following goals? 2H2(g) + O2(g) Kc = 2 x 10-42 (at 25oC) -When solving a problem with the initial conditions outlined below, we rearrange the problem to give an intermediate set of conditions where the concentration of one of the reactants or products is equal to zero. Fe(CO)5 Hidden Assumptions that make Equilibrium Calculations Easier What Do We Do When the Approximation Fails?  based on the following reaction:  2H<sub>2</sub>O(g)   2H<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) K<sub>c</sub> = 2 x 10<sup>-42</sup> (at 25<sup>o</sup>C) -When solving a problem with the initial conditions outlined below, we rearrange the problem to give an intermediate set of conditions where the concentration of one of the reactants or products is equal to zero. Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>   Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub> + CO Initial: 0.10 M   0.10 M 0.005 M Our choice of whether to push the reaction all the way to the right or all the way to the left is determined by which of the following goals? Fe(CO)4 + CO Initial: 0.10 M   0.10 M 0.005 M Our choice of whether to push the reaction all the way to the right or all the way to the left is determined by which of the following goals?

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Hidden Assumptions that make Equilibrium Calculations Easier What Do We Do When the Approximation Fails? based on the following reaction: 2H2O(g)  Hidden Assumptions that make Equilibrium Calculations Easier What Do We Do When the Approximation Fails?  based on the following reaction:  2H<sub>2</sub>O(g)   2H<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) K<sub>c</sub> = 2 x 10<sup>-42</sup> (at 25<sup>o</sup>C) -Starting with only 0.10 M H<sub>2</sub>O(g), which equation correctly shows the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products? (  \Delta  C represents the change in concentration of O<sub>2</sub>(g)) 2H2(g) + O2(g) Kc = 2 x 10-42 (at 25oC) -Starting with only 0.10 M H2O(g), which equation correctly shows the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products? ( Δ\Delta C represents the change in concentration of O2(g))

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Hidden Assumptions that make Equilibrium Calculations Easier What Do We Do When the Approximation Fails? based on the following reaction: 2H2O(g) Hidden Assumptions that make Equilibrium Calculations Easier What Do We Do When the Approximation Fails?  based on the following reaction:  2H<sub>2</sub>O(g)   2H<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) K<sub>c</sub> = 2 x 10<sup>-42</sup> (at 25<sup>o</sup>C) -The equation below solves for the change in concentration for the given reaction assuming the initial concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O(g) is 0.10 M. Which equation will result if it is assumed that the change will be much smaller than the initial concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O(g)?   2H2(g) + O2(g) Kc = 2 x 10-42 (at 25oC) -The equation below solves for the change in concentration for the given reaction assuming the initial concentration of H2O(g) is 0.10 M. Which equation will result if it is assumed that the change will be much smaller than the initial concentration of H2O(g)? Hidden Assumptions that make Equilibrium Calculations Easier What Do We Do When the Approximation Fails?  based on the following reaction:  2H<sub>2</sub>O(g)   2H<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) K<sub>c</sub> = 2 x 10<sup>-42</sup> (at 25<sup>o</sup>C) -The equation below solves for the change in concentration for the given reaction assuming the initial concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O(g) is 0.10 M. Which equation will result if it is assumed that the change will be much smaller than the initial concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O(g)?

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