Question 1

Negative reinforcement occurs when a response

Accepted Answer

A) leads to a desirable consequence. 
B) leads to the removal of an unpleasant event. 
C) leads to an undesirable consequence. 
D) is ignored. 
A) leads to a desirable consequence. 
B) leads to the removal of an unpleasant event. 
C) leads to an undesirable consequence. 
D) is ignored.

Question 2

Recently the new technology of educational simulations has allowed students to

Accepted Answer

A) explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" that simulates real-world problems. 
B) see the effects of their choices. 
C) discover basic principles in many subjects, such as physics, biology, and psychology. 
D) do all of these. 
A) explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" that simulates real-world problems. 
B) see the effects of their choices. 
C) discover basic principles in many subjects, such as physics, biology, and psychology. 
D) do all of these.

Question 3

A driver consistently drives well beyond the interstate speed limit until a highway patrolman stops her and gives her a speeding ticket.From that time on, this driver never exceeds the speed limit on the interstate.In this example, the highway patrolman has successfully used _____ to stop her from speeding.

Accepted Answer

A) punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) threat 
D) KR 
A) punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) threat 
D) KR

Question 4

Of the schedules listed, which of the following would generate the highest rate of responding?

Accepted Answer

A) variable interval 
B) fixed interval 
C) continuous 
D) fixed ratio 
A) variable interval 
B) fixed interval 
C) continuous 
D) fixed ratio

Question 5

You are on a picnic with friends when it starts raining.You and your friends run to your car carrying the food.Your running to the car is an example of _____ learning.

Accepted Answer

A) escape 
B) place 
C) latent 
D) respondent. 
A) escape 
B) place 
C) latent 
D) respondent.

Question 6

Praise, approval, affection, and money are considered _____ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) secondary 
B) primary 
C) unconditional 
D) negative 
A) secondary 
B) primary 
C) unconditional 
D) negative

Question 7

Negative reinforcement and punishment

Accepted Answer

A) have opposite effects on behavior. 
B) are different terms for the same procedure. 
C) have the same effect on behavior. 
D) are not very effective in changing behavior. 
A) have opposite effects on behavior. 
B) are different terms for the same procedure. 
C) have the same effect on behavior. 
D) are not very effective in changing behavior.

Question 8

Parents report dramatic improvements in their children's behavior (that is, a decrease in negative attention-seeking) when they

Accepted Answer

A) scold their children for their disruptive behavior. 
B) spank their children for their disruptive behavior. 
C) ignore all behavior except for the target behavior they wish to reduce and then use a strong aversive punishment. 
D) ignore their children's disruptive behavior and praise their child for being quiet or playing constructively. 
A) scold their children for their disruptive behavior. 
B) spank their children for their disruptive behavior. 
C) ignore all behavior except for the target behavior they wish to reduce and then use a strong aversive punishment. 
D) ignore their children's disruptive behavior and praise their child for being quiet or playing constructively.

Question 9

Once you learn how to use the SQ4R method for studying in psychology class, you can then use it to study for any college class.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning. 
B) response chaining. 
C) operant stimulus discrimination. 
D) operant stimulus generalization. 
A) latent learning. 
B) response chaining. 
C) operant stimulus discrimination. 
D) operant stimulus generalization.

Question 10

A child calls his dog "Spot" but does not call other dogs this name even if they look like his dog.The child is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A) operant stimulus discrimination. 
B) the power of delayed reinforcement. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant stimulus generalization. 
A) operant stimulus discrimination. 
B) the power of delayed reinforcement. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant stimulus generalization.

Question 11

Two important aspects of stimulus control are operant stimulus _____ and operant stimulus _____.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization; discrimination. 
B) inhibition; disinhibition. 
C) habituation; dishabituation 
D) extinction; spontaneous recovery 
A) generalization; discrimination. 
B) inhibition; disinhibition. 
C) habituation; dishabituation 
D) extinction; spontaneous recovery

Question 12

All interval schedules of reinforcement are

Accepted Answer

A) more resistant to generalization. 
B) related to the passage of time. 
C) less resistant to extinction than the continuous schedule. 
D) better for generating operant responses. 
A) more resistant to generalization. 
B) related to the passage of time. 
C) less resistant to extinction than the continuous schedule. 
D) better for generating operant responses.

Question 13

Whenever you are trying to learn a complex skill, _____ will improve learning and performance.

Accepted Answer

A) higher order conditioning 
B) increased feedback 
C) latent learning 
D) desensitization 
A) higher order conditioning 
B) increased feedback 
C) latent learning 
D) desensitization

Question 14

In the textbook example regarding "Shaping a Teacher," psychology students would look interested in her lecture when she was standing on the right side of the room; and they would look bored when she was standing on the left side.The students were shaping the teacher's behavior using _____ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) social 
B) primary 
C) token 
D) cognitive 
A) social 
B) primary 
C) token 
D) cognitive

Question 15

A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called

Accepted Answer

A) adaptations. 
B) gradients. 
C) successive approximations. 
D) conditioning trials. 
A) adaptations. 
B) gradients. 
C) successive approximations. 
D) conditioning trials.

Question 16

By providing rebates for the purchase of energy efficient appliances or vehicles, the government is using _____ to encourage conservation.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement 
B) discriminative learning 
C) cue learning 
D) feedback 
A) reinforcement 
B) discriminative learning 
C) cue learning 
D) feedback

Question 17

Jai touched a light socket and received a shock.Jai received _____ and will probably not touch a light socket again.

Accepted Answer

A) mild punishment 
B) severe punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) response cost 
A) mild punishment 
B) severe punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) response cost

Question 18

Because punishment is aversive, people and situations associated with punishment tend, through _____, to become feared, resented, or disliked.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) the law of effect 
A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) the law of effect

Question 19

Which of the following would be considered a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) praise 
B) attention 
C) money 
D) psychoactive drug 
A) praise 
B) attention 
C) money 
D) psychoactive drug

Question 20

Primary reinforcers are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) being natural and rooted in biology. 
B) being developed through learning very early in life. 
C) being capable of producing comfort or ending discomfort. 
D) with intracranial self-stimulation being one of the most powerful examples of primary reinforcers. 
A) being natural and rooted in biology. 
B) being developed through learning very early in life. 
C) being capable of producing comfort or ending discomfort. 
D) with intracranial self-stimulation being one of the most powerful examples of primary reinforcers.

Exam 7: Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Negative reinforcement occurs when a response

Recently the new technology of educational simulations has allowed students to

Of the schedules listed, which of the following would generate the highest rate of responding?

You are on a picnic with friends when it starts raining.You and your friends run to your car carrying the food.Your running to the car is an example of _____ learning.

Praise, approval, affection, and money are considered _____ reinforcers.

Negative reinforcement and punishment

Parents report dramatic improvements in their children's behavior (that is, a decrease in negative attention-seeking) when they

Once you learn how to use the SQ4R method for studying in psychology class, you can then use it to study for any college class.This illustrates

A child calls his dog "Spot" but does not call other dogs this name even if they look like his dog.The child is demonstrating

Two important aspects of stimulus control are operant stimulus _____ and operant stimulus _____.

All interval schedules of reinforcement are

Whenever you are trying to learn a complex skill, _____ will improve learning and performance.

A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called

By providing rebates for the purchase of energy efficient appliances or vehicles, the government is using _____ to encourage conservation.

Jai touched a light socket and received a shock.Jai received _____ and will probably not touch a light socket again.

Because punishment is aversive, people and situations associated with punishment tend, through _____, to become feared, resented, or disliked.

Which of the following would be considered a primary reinforcer?

Primary reinforcers are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics

Appendix B: Behavioral Statistics

Two important aspects of stimulus control are operant stimulus _ and operant stimulus _.