Exam 7: Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Chimpanzees were taught to work for tokens to be used in a "Chimp-O-Mat." In this experiment, the tokens were _____ reinforcers.

After the successful extinction of your son's whining for a toy while you are shopping, you go shopping several weeks later and he begins to whine for a toy as if he is "just checking to see if the rules have changed back." This situation illustrates

Regarding the effect of mild punishment, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Characteristics of effective feedback include which of the following?

A type of reinforcer in which the reward is attention or approval from others is called a

Which of the following terms applies to the observation that responses reinforced in the presence of certain stimuli will occur under similar stimulus conditions?

Positive reinforcement _____ responding; negative reinforcement _____ responding.

A rat in a Skinner box is going through several training sessions where the light that illuminates the box is alternately turned on and off.When the light is on, a bar press will produce food.When the light is off, bar pressing goes unrewarded.We soon observe that the rat presses vigorously when the light is on and ignores the bar when the light is off.This illustrates

Children who are working quietly on their homework when the hourly bell rings will be allowed to go to the play area for 10 minutes.Just before the bell is about to ring, the children become so quiet that you could hear "a pin drop" in the classroom.These children's quiet behavior occurred right before the bell because they are on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

The best-know form of response cost is _____, in which children are removed from situations that normally allow them to gain reinforcement.

In a drug rehabilitation center, the residents earn points for attending therapy sessions on time, writing in their journals, and performing their designated chores.These points can be used to gain various privileges or tangible items.This point system is an example of the use of

In a _____ schedule, a varied number of correct responses must be made to get a reinforcer.For example, a reinforcer may be given after three correct responses, after six, after two more, and after five, and so on.Although the actual number varies, the average number of responses will be four for this example.

A dog that gets rewarded for the first bark it makes in each ten minute period is being reinforced on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Tokens have reinforcing value because they may be exchanged for primary reinforcers.Thus, they are a type of _____ reinforcer.

In daily life, learning is usually based on _____ reinforcement, in which reinforcers do not follow every response.

Programmed instruction and computer-assisted instruction make use of

After a child learns how to use the toilet at home, he is able to use the toilet at daycare and in public restrooms.This illustrates

Computer-assisted instruction

A dog is placed in a two-compartment cage and is shocked while in one of the compartments.The dog quickly learns to jump to the other compartment.This reflects _____ learning.

Children who are punished often by parents or teachers