Question 1

Regarding the effect of severe, intense punishment, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) It slows the rate of responding, but does not eliminate it. 
B) It can permanently suppress responding even for actions as basic as eating. 
C) It increases the rate of responding. 
D) The effect may disappear if the punishment is not repeated. 
A) It slows the rate of responding, but does not eliminate it. 
B) It can permanently suppress responding even for actions as basic as eating. 
C) It increases the rate of responding. 
D) The effect may disappear if the punishment is not repeated.

Question 2

When you dial a phone number and get a busy signal, the reward of "getting through" is on a _____ schedule because you may have to wait 30 seconds or 30 minutes.(If you are like most people, you will doggedly dial over and over again until you get a connection.)

Accepted Answer

A) variable interval 
B) variable ratio 
C) fixed interval 
D) continuous 
A) variable interval 
B) variable ratio 
C) fixed interval 
D) continuous

Question 3

A corporate pay policy comparable to a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement is

Accepted Answer

A) paying employees a fixed salary. 
B) payment of employees on a piece-work basis. 
C) salary adjustments based on the quality of work performed. 
D) paying employees at the end of each day. 
A) paying employees a fixed salary. 
B) payment of employees on a piece-work basis. 
C) salary adjustments based on the quality of work performed. 
D) paying employees at the end of each day.

Question 4

Professional football players watch hours of videos of their game performance analyzed by their coaches.This is an example of the use of _____ to improve performance.

Accepted Answer

A) feedback 
B) mental imagery 
C) reward 
D) punishment 
A) feedback 
B) mental imagery 
C) reward 
D) punishment

Question 5

Using poker chips to reinforce mentally ill patients for healthy behavior would be an example of using

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) extinction. 
D) tokens. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) extinction. 
D) tokens.

Question 6

Secondary reinforcers are originally neutral, but gain their reinforcing properties by being associated with

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcers. 
B) positive reinforcers. 
C) primary reinforcers. 
D) conditional reinforcers. 
A) negative reinforcers. 
B) positive reinforcers. 
C) primary reinforcers. 
D) conditional reinforcers.

Question 7

Programmed instruction and computer-assisted instruction

Accepted Answer

A) combine response chaining with secondary reinforcement. 
B) are applications of the principle of feedback. 
C) are both types of biofeedback. 
D) are based on simple cognitive maps. 
A) combine response chaining with secondary reinforcement. 
B) are applications of the principle of feedback. 
C) are both types of biofeedback. 
D) are based on simple cognitive maps.

Question 8

Your tendency to study more before a scheduled test, to study less right after that test, and then start another studying frenzy right before the next test illustrates the typical pattern of the _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval 
A) fixed ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval

Question 9

A few weeks after giving up on buying state lottery tickets, many people are tempted to try again.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) token reinforcement. 
D) satiation. 
A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) token reinforcement. 
D) satiation.

Question 10

Which of the following would be considered a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) praise 
B) food 
C) money 
D) attention 
A) praise 
B) food 
C) money 
D) attention

Question 11

The adaptive value of _____ helps explain why much human learning, such as using a computer or playing a musical instrument, occur in the absence of obvious reinforcers, such as food or water.

Accepted Answer

A) primary reinforcers 
B) conditioned stimuli 
C) positive reinforcers 
D) feedback 
A) primary reinforcers 
B) conditioned stimuli 
C) positive reinforcers 
D) feedback

Question 12

Antecedents are to _____ as consequences are to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) discriminative stimuli; reinforcers 
B) shaping; response chaining 
C) conditioned stimuli; cognitive maps 
D) punishment; negative stimuli 
A) discriminative stimuli; reinforcers 
B) shaping; response chaining 
C) conditioned stimuli; cognitive maps 
D) punishment; negative stimuli

Question 13

The students have learned to tell when Dr.Morgan is in a "good" mood or not by how she enters the room.If she speaks as she enters the room, it will be a "good" day, but if she puts her books down before she speaks, "watch out." Their ability to anticipate her mood for the day and act accordingly illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus control. 
B) systematic desensitization. 
C) place learning. 
D) response chaining. 
A) stimulus control. 
B) systematic desensitization. 
C) place learning. 
D) response chaining.

Question 14

Regarding learning principles being applied to recycling efforts, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) People who set their own goals for recycling tend to meet them. 
B) When factories, work groups, and dorms receive feedback, on a weekly basis about how much they recycled, they typically recycle more. 
C) Recycling is more effective when entire families participate, with some family members reinforcing the recycling behavior of the other family members. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) People who set their own goals for recycling tend to meet them. 
B) When factories, work groups, and dorms receive feedback, on a weekly basis about how much they recycled, they typically recycle more. 
C) Recycling is more effective when entire families participate, with some family members reinforcing the recycling behavior of the other family members. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 15

Tristan and his brother Ian are fighting over the video game.So, Mom takes the video game system away from them for an hour.Mom has used

Accepted Answer

A) response cost. 
B) aversive punishment. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) extinction. 
A) response cost. 
B) aversive punishment. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) extinction.

Question 16

After receiving a ticket for speeding, you stop speeding.The reason you stop speeding is due to

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 17

Teaching your cat to turn on the living room lights would best be accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) shaping. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) extinction. 
A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) shaping. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) extinction.

Question 18

Avoidance learning appears to involve both

Accepted Answer

A) classical and operant conditioning. 
B) place and latent learning. 
C) shaping and response chaining. 
D) fixed and variable ratio schedules. 
A) classical and operant conditioning. 
B) place and latent learning. 
C) shaping and response chaining. 
D) fixed and variable ratio schedules.

Question 19

Pattie and Martin tend to ignore their children when their children are playing quietly together, while scolding the children when they whine, cry, and tell on each other.The children's whining and crying will probably increase because the parents used _____ when the children played quietly and _____ when they were whining and noisy.

Accepted Answer

A) extinction; reinforcement 
B) extinction; punishment 
C) reinforcement; punishment 
D) reinforcement; extinction 
A) extinction; reinforcement 
B) extinction; punishment 
C) reinforcement; punishment 
D) reinforcement; extinction

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the conditions leading to the maximum effectiveness of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) Punishment may be delayed, but must follow the response frequently. 
B) Punishment may be delayed, but must be given every time the response occurs. 
C) Punishment must be immediate, but may follow a response only occasionally. 
D) Punishment must be immediate and must be given every time the response occurs. 
A) Punishment may be delayed, but must follow the response frequently. 
B) Punishment may be delayed, but must be given every time the response occurs. 
C) Punishment must be immediate, but may follow a response only occasionally. 
D) Punishment must be immediate and must be given every time the response occurs.

Exam 7: Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Regarding the effect of severe, intense punishment, which of the following statements is TRUE?

When you dial a phone number and get a busy signal, the reward of "getting through" is on a _____ schedule because you may have to wait 30 seconds or 30 minutes.(If you are like most people, you will doggedly dial over and over again until you get a connection.)

A corporate pay policy comparable to a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement is

Professional football players watch hours of videos of their game performance analyzed by their coaches.This is an example of the use of _____ to improve performance.

Using poker chips to reinforce mentally ill patients for healthy behavior would be an example of using

Secondary reinforcers are originally neutral, but gain their reinforcing properties by being associated with

Programmed instruction and computer-assisted instruction

Your tendency to study more before a scheduled test, to study less right after that test, and then start another studying frenzy right before the next test illustrates the typical pattern of the _____ schedule of reinforcement.

A few weeks after giving up on buying state lottery tickets, many people are tempted to try again.This illustrates

Which of the following would be considered a primary reinforcer?

The adaptive value of _____ helps explain why much human learning, such as using a computer or playing a musical instrument, occur in the absence of obvious reinforcers, such as food or water.

Antecedents are to _____ as consequences are to _____.

Regarding learning principles being applied to recycling efforts, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Tristan and his brother Ian are fighting over the video game.So, Mom takes the video game system away from them for an hour.Mom has used

After receiving a ticket for speeding, you stop speeding.The reason you stop speeding is due to

Teaching your cat to turn on the living room lights would best be accomplished by

Avoidance learning appears to involve both

Which of the following best describes the conditions leading to the maximum effectiveness of punishment?

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics

Appendix B: Behavioral Statistics

Antecedents are to _ as consequences are to _.