Question 1

Money is to secondary reinforcer as food is to _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) a learned 
B) conditional 
C) primary 
D) negative 
A) a learned 
B) conditional 
C) primary 
D) negative

Question 2

Any consequence that reduces the occurrence of a target behavior is, by definition, a

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcer. 
B) negative reinforcer. 
C) punisher. 
D) stimulus control. 
A) reinforcer. 
B) negative reinforcer. 
C) punisher. 
D) stimulus control.

Question 3

A child who gets rewarded with candy on the average of every other time she asks her grandmother for a "treat" is being rewarded on a _____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) fixed interval 
D) partial interval 
A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) fixed interval 
D) partial interval

Question 4

A team coach who scolds and benches a player for poor performance is using

Accepted Answer

A) aversive conditioning. 
B) modeling. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) punishment. 
A) aversive conditioning. 
B) modeling. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) punishment.

Question 5

Regarding the experiments using intracranial self-stimulation (ICS) of the pleasure centers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) If the reward circuit was not turned off, a rat would ignore food, water, and sex in favor of bar pressing to receive ICS. 
B) Some of the rats constantly pressed the lever to get ICS for 15 to 20 hours, collapsing from exhaustion. 
C) Psychoactive drugs, such as alcohol and cocaine, activate the same pleasure pathways as ICS. 
D) No humans have ever undergone intracranial self-stimulation. 
A) If the reward circuit was not turned off, a rat would ignore food, water, and sex in favor of bar pressing to receive ICS. 
B) Some of the rats constantly pressed the lever to get ICS for 15 to 20 hours, collapsing from exhaustion. 
C) Psychoactive drugs, such as alcohol and cocaine, activate the same pleasure pathways as ICS. 
D) No humans have ever undergone intracranial self-stimulation.

Question 6

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Accepted Answer

A) Mike visited a cattle farm and touched an electric fence. 
B) Sam reached across the table to get the salt and had his hand slapped by his mother. 
C) Philip was being the class clown and was spanked by the teacher for disrupting class. 
D) Peter was fighting with his brother, so his mother took away his video game. 
A) Mike visited a cattle farm and touched an electric fence. 
B) Sam reached across the table to get the salt and had his hand slapped by his mother. 
C) Philip was being the class clown and was spanked by the teacher for disrupting class. 
D) Peter was fighting with his brother, so his mother took away his video game.

Question 7

Learning to make a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort is known as

Accepted Answer

A) avoidance learning. 
B) escape learning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) respondent conditioning. 
A) avoidance learning. 
B) escape learning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) respondent conditioning.

Question 8

Regarding CAI programs, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) CAI programs give the learner immediate feedback and can even give hints about why an answer was wrong. 
B) People often do better with feedback from a computer because they can freely make mistakes and learn from them. 
C) The final level of skill or knowledge gained is higher using CAI than traditional methods. 
D) CAI can give medical students unlimited practice at diagnosing disease from symptoms. 
A) CAI programs give the learner immediate feedback and can even give hints about why an answer was wrong. 
B) People often do better with feedback from a computer because they can freely make mistakes and learn from them. 
C) The final level of skill or knowledge gained is higher using CAI than traditional methods. 
D) CAI can give medical students unlimited practice at diagnosing disease from symptoms.

Question 9

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) fading. 
C) shaping. 
D) secondary reinforcement. 
A) extinction. 
B) fading. 
C) shaping. 
D) secondary reinforcement.

Question 10

The drawbacks of using punishment become more of a problem as the punishment

Accepted Answer

A) is varied in types used. 
B) increases in severity. 
C) is used intermittently. 
D) becomes contingent on the target response. 
A) is varied in types used. 
B) increases in severity. 
C) is used intermittently. 
D) becomes contingent on the target response.

Question 11

Punishment is most effective in suppressing behavior when it is

Accepted Answer

A) immediate. 
B) consistent. 
C) severe. 
D) all of these. 
A) immediate. 
B) consistent. 
C) severe. 
D) all of these.

Question 12

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Accepted Answer

A) Jordan grabs a fragile dish and is scolded by his aunt. 
B) Sara grabs a branch of a rose bush and hurts her hand. 
C) Patti climbs on top of the table; and her mother put her in time out. 
D) Cara grabs her brother toy; and her father slaps her hand. 
A) Jordan grabs a fragile dish and is scolded by his aunt. 
B) Sara grabs a branch of a rose bush and hurts her hand. 
C) Patti climbs on top of the table; and her mother put her in time out. 
D) Cara grabs her brother toy; and her father slaps her hand.

Question 13

Increased feedback

Accepted Answer

A) sometimes improves learning and performance. 
B) has no effect on learning and performance. 
C) almost always improves learning and performance. 
D) is not as effective as computer-assisted learning. 
A) sometimes improves learning and performance. 
B) has no effect on learning and performance. 
C) almost always improves learning and performance. 
D) is not as effective as computer-assisted learning.

Question 14

A _____ is being used when a pleasant or desirable event follows a response.

Accepted Answer

A) bribe 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) conditioned stimulus 
A) bribe 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) conditioned stimulus

Question 15

Akia rubbed some cortisone cream on the spot where a mosquito had bitten her and the itching stopped.The next time a mosquito bit her, she reached for the cortisone cream.In terms of operant conditioning, this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) aversive punishment. 
D) response cost. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) aversive punishment. 
D) response cost.

Question 16

If you wanted to train a dog to play the piano, you would most likely use

Accepted Answer

A) successive approximations. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) vicarious conditioning. 
D) positive transfer. 
A) successive approximations. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) vicarious conditioning. 
D) positive transfer.

Question 17

Continuous reinforcement means that the person will be reinforced

Accepted Answer

A) for every correct or incorrect response. 
B) for every correct response. 
C) every day that the schedule is being used. 
D) continually until the person satiates. 
A) for every correct or incorrect response. 
B) for every correct response. 
C) every day that the schedule is being used. 
D) continually until the person satiates.

Question 18

A person or animal on a _____ schedule gets rewarded on the average of every fifth response.That is, two responses must be made to obtain a reinforcer, sometimes seven responses, sometimes three, and so on with it averaging out to five responses.

Accepted Answer

A) variable ratio 
B) variable interval 
C) fixed ratio 
D) continuous 
A) variable ratio 
B) variable interval 
C) fixed ratio 
D) continuous

Question 19

In the "It Pays to Be Good" program at the local school, children were given "good behavior" slips that could be exchanged for candy or toys at the end of the week.These slips of paper

Accepted Answer

A) are considered token reinforcers. 
B) are secondary reinforcers. 
C) will not lose their reinforcing value as quickly as primary reinforcers. 
D) are characterized by all of these. 
A) are considered token reinforcers. 
B) are secondary reinforcers. 
C) will not lose their reinforcing value as quickly as primary reinforcers. 
D) are characterized by all of these.

Question 20

When we remove an unpleasant stimulus by making a response, we are experiencing

Accepted Answer

A) shaping. 
B) extinction. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) positive reinforcement. 
A) shaping. 
B) extinction. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) positive reinforcement.

Exam 7: Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Money is to secondary reinforcer as food is to _____ reinforcer.

Any consequence that reduces the occurrence of a target behavior is, by definition, a

A child who gets rewarded with candy on the average of every other time she asks her grandmother for a "treat" is being rewarded on a _____ schedule.

A team coach who scolds and benches a player for poor performance is using

Regarding the experiments using intracranial self-stimulation (ICS) of the pleasure centers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Learning to make a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort is known as

Regarding CAI programs, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is

The drawbacks of using punishment become more of a problem as the punishment

Punishment is most effective in suppressing behavior when it is

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Increased feedback

A _____ is being used when a pleasant or desirable event follows a response.

Akia rubbed some cortisone cream on the spot where a mosquito had bitten her and the itching stopped.The next time a mosquito bit her, she reached for the cortisone cream.In terms of operant conditioning, this is an example of

If you wanted to train a dog to play the piano, you would most likely use

Continuous reinforcement means that the person will be reinforced

A person or animal on a _____ schedule gets rewarded on the average of every fifth response.That is, two responses must be made to obtain a reinforcer, sometimes seven responses, sometimes three, and so on with it averaging out to five responses.

In the "It Pays to Be Good" program at the local school, children were given "good behavior" slips that could be exchanged for candy or toys at the end of the week.These slips of paper

When we remove an unpleasant stimulus by making a response, we are experiencing

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology