Question 1

A result is replicable if

Accepted Answer

A)  appropriate research methods are used. 
B)  the experimental group behaves the same way as the control group. 
C)  it is statistically significant. 
D)  researchers who repeat the procedure get similar results. 
A)  appropriate research methods are used. 
B)  the experimental group behaves the same way as the control group. 
C)  it is statistically significant. 
D)  researchers who repeat the procedure get similar results.

Question 2

One group of students who spent the weekend studying for the test got better scores than a group who spent the weekend camping. That statement could be the result of an experiment or a correlational study. To decide whether it was an experiment, we would have to know the answer to the following question:

Accepted Answer

A)  How many students spent the weekend studying and how many went camping? 
B)  Was the difference between the two groups statistically significant? 
C)  Were students assigned to the study group and the camping group, or did they decide for themselves what to do with their weekend? 
D)  Did any of the students who went camping take their books along with them? 
A)  How many students spent the weekend studying and how many went camping? 
B)  Was the difference between the two groups statistically significant? 
C)  Were students assigned to the study group and the camping group, or did they decide for themselves what to do with their weekend? 
D)  Did any of the students who went camping take their books along with them?

Question 3

One of the most common techniques for finding out about people's beliefs or attitudes is to ask a large number of people a series of questions. This technique is called

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  the ganzfeld procedure. 
D)  a survey. 
A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  the ganzfeld procedure. 
D)  a survey.

Question 4

Which of the following is an operational definition of "anxiety"?

Accepted Answer

A)  a vague sensation that "something dangerous might happen" 
B)  an experience like fear, but more prolonged 
C)  the amount of muscle tension after hearing a loud noise 
D)  the opposite of relaxation 
A)  a vague sensation that "something dangerous might happen" 
B)  an experience like fear, but more prolonged 
C)  the amount of muscle tension after hearing a loud noise 
D)  the opposite of relaxation

Question 5

Which of the following is an operational definition of "confusion"?

Accepted Answer

A)  an unpleasant feeling of not understanding something 
B)  the result of receiving several kinds of contradictory information 
C)  the opposite of "decisiveness" 
D)  number of seconds delay before answering a question 
A)  an unpleasant feeling of not understanding something 
B)  the result of receiving several kinds of contradictory information 
C)  the opposite of "decisiveness" 
D)  number of seconds delay before answering a question

Question 6

A pre-school teacher records the height of all of her students and their parents. The distribution of these measures would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  bimodal distribution. 
B)  symmetrical distribution. 
C)  logarithmic distribution. 
D)  standard distribution. 
A)  bimodal distribution. 
B)  symmetrical distribution. 
C)  logarithmic distribution. 
D)  standard distribution.

Question 7

Two serious objections to claims of extrasensory perception are that the explanations are not __________ and that the results are not __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  parsimonious...replicable 
B)  statistical...correlational 
C)  significant...independent 
D)  double-blind...random 
A)  parsimonious...replicable 
B)  statistical...correlational 
C)  significant...independent 
D)  double-blind...random

Question 8

The Lizard Lick State Fighting Nematodes scored 50, 50, 55, 60, and 85 points in their first five basketball games. What was their mean score?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  55 
C)  60 
D)  85 
A)  50 
B)  55 
C)  60 
D)  85

Question 9

Which of the following procedures would be most likely to reduce the effects of demand characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceal the purpose of the experiment from the participants. 
B)  Evaluate the statistical significance of the results. 
C)  Discard data from any subject who did not complete the experiment. 
D)  Assign participants randomly to groups. 
A)  Conceal the purpose of the experiment from the participants. 
B)  Evaluate the statistical significance of the results. 
C)  Discard data from any subject who did not complete the experiment. 
D)  Assign participants randomly to groups.

Question 10

An investigator conducts a statistical test to determine whether the difference between the experimental group and the control group was statistically significant. Other things being equal, the difference is most likely to be significant if

Accepted Answer

A)  the standard deviation was high for each group. 
B)  the mean of one group was much larger than the mean of the other group. 
C)  both groups had a small number of participants. 
D)  the mean for each group was about the same size as the standard deviation. 
A)  the standard deviation was high for each group. 
B)  the mean of one group was much larger than the mean of the other group. 
C)  both groups had a small number of participants. 
D)  the mean for each group was about the same size as the standard deviation.

Question 11

If the correlation between variable A and variable B is -0.75, then

Accepted Answer

A)  we can use measurements of variable A to make moderately accurate predictions of variable B. 
B)  there is no consistent relationship between variables A and B. 
C)  there is a relationship between variables A and B, but it has been growing weaker over time. D. the mean value of B is less than the mean value of A. 
D)  the mean value of B is less than the mean value of A. 
A)  we can use measurements of variable A to make moderately accurate predictions of variable B. 
B)  there is no consistent relationship between variables A and B. 
C)  there is a relationship between variables A and B, but it has been growing weaker over time. D. the mean value of B is less than the mean value of A. 
D)  the mean value of B is less than the mean value of A.

Question 12

The use of placebos in research is an attempt to minimize the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variables. 
B)  case histories. 
C)  experimenter bias. 
D)  informed consent. 
A)  dependent variables. 
B)  case histories. 
C)  experimenter bias. 
D)  informed consent.

Question 13

A particular research study compares an experimental group with a control group. An analysis of the results reveals that "p < .05." Therefore,

Accepted Answer

A)  the difference between the experimental group and the control group is less than 5%. 
B)  there is less than a 5% chance that the results are statistically significant. 
C)  the chance of getting the observed difference by accident is less than 5%. 
D)  fewer than 5% of psychologists would agree with the conclusions. 
A)  the difference between the experimental group and the control group is less than 5%. 
B)  there is less than a 5% chance that the results are statistically significant. 
C)  the chance of getting the observed difference by accident is less than 5%. 
D)  fewer than 5% of psychologists would agree with the conclusions.

Question 14

The correlation between A and B is +.60; the correlation between C and D is -.75. What do we know about causation based on the above?

Accepted Answer

A)  We know A causes B, but we don't know if C causes D. 
B)  We know C causes D, but we don't know if A causes B. 
C)  We know A causes B AND that D causes C. 
D)  We don't know anything about causation from the information above. 
A)  We know A causes B, but we don't know if C causes D. 
B)  We know C causes D, but we don't know if A causes B. 
C)  We know A causes B AND that D causes C. 
D)  We don't know anything about causation from the information above.

Question 15

The standard deviation is a statistic that measures

Accepted Answer

A)  the average score. 
B)  the difference between two groups. 
C)  mistakes made by the experimenter. 
D)  the amount of variation. 
A)  the average score. 
B)  the difference between two groups. 
C)  mistakes made by the experimenter. 
D)  the amount of variation.

Question 16

The main difference between a correlational study and an experiment is that in an experiment,

Accepted Answer

A)  the participants are aware of the hypothesis being tested. 
B)  all individuals receive the same treatment. 
C)  the participants are observed without interference in their normal life. 
D)  the investigator manipulates the independent variable. 
A)  the participants are aware of the hypothesis being tested. 
B)  all individuals receive the same treatment. 
C)  the participants are observed without interference in their normal life. 
D)  the investigator manipulates the independent variable.

Question 17

Professor Taylor provides a review session for half the students taking Psychology 101. Later he compares their scores against those of the other students. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the test scores of the students 
B)  the total number of students 
C)  the review session 
D)  the difficulty of the test 
A)  the test scores of the students 
B)  the total number of students 
C)  the review session 
D)  the difficulty of the test

Question 18

The results of a survey are likely to be misleading if

Accepted Answer

A)  the survey is administrated to a representative sample of people. 
B)  the survey is administered to a random sample of people. 
C)  the survey involved more than three questions. 
D)  you don't know how the questions were phrased. 
A)  the survey is administrated to a representative sample of people. 
B)  the survey is administered to a random sample of people. 
C)  the survey involved more than three questions. 
D)  you don't know how the questions were phrased.

Question 19

Parents who frequently beat their children tend to have aggressive children. What, if anything, can we conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical punishment causes aggression. 
B)  Aggressive children cause parents to use physical punishment. 
C)  The children probably inherited a gene for aggressiveness. 
D)  We can draw none of these conclusions. 
A)  Physical punishment causes aggression. 
B)  Aggressive children cause parents to use physical punishment. 
C)  The children probably inherited a gene for aggressiveness. 
D)  We can draw none of these conclusions.

Question 20

In many psychological experiments the experimenter will take elaborate steps to conceal the purpose of the experiment from the participants. The purpose of concealing this information is

Accepted Answer

A)  to make the study more ethical. 
B)  to eliminate demand characteristics. 
C)  to save time. 
D)  to eliminate illusory correlations. 
A)  to make the study more ethical. 
B)  to eliminate demand characteristics. 
C)  to save time. 
D)  to eliminate illusory correlations.

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

A result is replicable if

One of the most common techniques for finding out about people's beliefs or attitudes is to ask a large number of people a series of questions. This technique is called

Which of the following is an operational definition of "anxiety"?

Which of the following is an operational definition of "confusion"?

A pre-school teacher records the height of all of her students and their parents. The distribution of these measures would be called a

Two serious objections to claims of extrasensory perception are that the explanations are not __________ and that the results are not __________.

The Lizard Lick State Fighting Nematodes scored 50, 50, 55, 60, and 85 points in their first five basketball games. What was their mean score?

Which of the following procedures would be most likely to reduce the effects of demand characteristics?

An investigator conducts a statistical test to determine whether the difference between the experimental group and the control group was statistically significant. Other things being equal, the difference is most likely to be significant if

If the correlation between variable A and variable B is -0.75, then

The use of placebos in research is an attempt to minimize the effects of

A particular research study compares an experimental group with a control group. An analysis of the results reveals that "p < .05." Therefore,

The correlation between A and B is +.60; the correlation between C and D is -.75. What do we know about causation based on the above?

The standard deviation is a statistic that measures

The main difference between a correlational study and an experiment is that in an experiment,

Professor Taylor provides a review session for half the students taking Psychology 101. Later he compares their scores against those of the other students. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

The results of a survey are likely to be misleading if

Parents who frequently beat their children tend to have aggressive children. What, if anything, can we conclude?

In many psychological experiments the experimenter will take elaborate steps to conceal the purpose of the experiment from the participants. The purpose of concealing this information is

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

Filters

Two serious objections to claims of extrasensory perception are that the explanations are not and that the results are not .