Question 1

For a variety of reasons, many scientists recommend that instead of (or in addition to) stating the p value, researchers should show the means and:

Accepted Answer

A)  the mode for each group. 
B)  95% confidence intervals for each group. 
C)  85% confidence intervals for each group. 
D)  the median for each group. 
A)  the mode for each group. 
B)  95% confidence intervals for each group. 
C)  85% confidence intervals for each group. 
D)  the median for each group.

Question 2

The ganzfeld procedure, used to investigate claims of extrasensory perception, has been

Accepted Answer

A)  used to create homeopathic medical techniques. 
B)  shown to be a nonreplicable finding. 
C)  demonstrated to be the only true, reliable ESP phenomenon. 
D)  responsible for remarkable cures for phobic individuals. 
A)  used to create homeopathic medical techniques. 
B)  shown to be a nonreplicable finding. 
C)  demonstrated to be the only true, reliable ESP phenomenon. 
D)  responsible for remarkable cures for phobic individuals.

Question 3

An experimenter kept students in a hot, neutral, or cold room and then tested their ability to memorize poetry. What was the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the motivation of the students 
B)  the temperature of the room 
C)  the difficulty of the poetry 
D)  the students' success in memorizing the poetry 
A)  the motivation of the students 
B)  the temperature of the room 
C)  the difficulty of the poetry 
D)  the students' success in memorizing the poetry

Question 4

How does an experimenter try to equate the experimental group and the control group at the start of the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  elimination of independent variables 
B)  random assignment 
C)  demand characteristics 
D)  statistical tests 
A)  elimination of independent variables 
B)  random assignment 
C)  demand characteristics 
D)  statistical tests

Question 5

The statement "p < .05" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of change in some behavior over time. 
B)  the amount of agreement among psychologists. 
C)  how accurately we can predict one variable from measurements of another one. 
D)  the probability of getting a result by chance. 
A)  the amount of change in some behavior over time. 
B)  the amount of agreement among psychologists. 
C)  how accurately we can predict one variable from measurements of another one. 
D)  the probability of getting a result by chance.

Question 6

The goal of scientific research is to establish comprehensive explanations of observable events. These explanations are called

Accepted Answer

A)  theories. 
B)  facts. 
C)  predictions. 
D)  hypotheses. 
A)  theories. 
B)  facts. 
C)  predictions. 
D)  hypotheses.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an inferential statistic?

Accepted Answer

A)  the p value from a statistical test 
B)  the mean 
C)  the median 
D)  the standard deviation 
A)  the p value from a statistical test 
B)  the mean 
C)  the median 
D)  the standard deviation

Question 8

An experimenter announces, "This is an experiment on hypnosis." Although the experimenter does not actually hypnotize anyone, most of the participants behave the way they believe hypnotized people do. These results are an apparent example of the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  demand characteristics. 
B)  an illusory correlation. 
C)  random assignment. 
D)  experimenter bias. 
A)  demand characteristics. 
B)  an illusory correlation. 
C)  random assignment. 
D)  experimenter bias.

Question 9

It is found that children who have many friends are generally happier than children who have fewer friends. What kind of research design was probably used in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation 
B)  anecdote 
C)  case history 
D)  experiment 
A)  correlation 
B)  anecdote 
C)  case history 
D)  experiment

Question 10

The word science derives from a Latin word meaning?

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge 
B)  test 
C)  fact 
D)  statistics 
A)  knowledge 
B)  test 
C)  fact 
D)  statistics

Question 11

A dependent variable is a variable that

Accepted Answer

A)  the participants themselves measure. 
B)  the item that an experimenter measures to determine how it was affected. 
C)  the experimenter manipulates. 
D)  is irrelevant to what happens in the experiment. 
A)  the participants themselves measure. 
B)  the item that an experimenter measures to determine how it was affected. 
C)  the experimenter manipulates. 
D)  is irrelevant to what happens in the experiment.

Question 12

What does it mean to say that "p < .05"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The correlation between two variables is very low, almost random. 
B)  The probability that the experiment was done correctly is less than 5%. 
C)  Fewer than 5% of all scientists agree with the theory. 
D)  The probability of getting such a pattern of results by accident is less than 5%. 
A)  The correlation between two variables is very low, almost random. 
B)  The probability that the experiment was done correctly is less than 5%. 
C)  Fewer than 5% of all scientists agree with the theory. 
D)  The probability of getting such a pattern of results by accident is less than 5%.

Question 13

If the correlation between variable A and variable B is -.5, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship between A and B is random. 
B)  increases in A are associated with decreases in B. 
C)  we can use measurements of A to predict measurements of B perfectly. 
D)  measured values of A are lower than measured values of B. 
A)  the relationship between A and B is random. 
B)  increases in A are associated with decreases in B. 
C)  we can use measurements of A to predict measurements of B perfectly. 
D)  measured values of A are lower than measured values of B.

Question 14

Researchers have found that people who report having trouble sleeping are more likely than others to become depressed. Which of the following conclusions, if any, follows from these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleeplessness increases the probability of becoming depressed. 
B)  People who are starting to become depressed have trouble sleeping. 
C)  Certain genes increase depression and also, independently, lead to sleep troubles. 
D)  None of these conclusions follow from the data. 
A)  Sleeplessness increases the probability of becoming depressed. 
B)  People who are starting to become depressed have trouble sleeping. 
C)  Certain genes increase depression and also, independently, lead to sleep troubles. 
D)  None of these conclusions follow from the data.

Question 15

Why do investigators sometimes repeat an experiment that other researchers have already completed?

Accepted Answer

A)  to try to eliminate the independent variables 
B)  to check whether the results are replicable 
C)  to check whether the explanation is parsimonious 
D)  to increase the demand characteristics of the experiment 
A)  to try to eliminate the independent variables 
B)  to check whether the results are replicable 
C)  to check whether the explanation is parsimonious 
D)  to increase the demand characteristics of the experiment

Question 16

A convenience sample is

Accepted Answer

A)  representative of the population. 
B)  a group in which every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. 
C)  a group chosen because of its ease of study. 
D)  the most likely to represent the mean of the population. 
A)  representative of the population. 
B)  a group in which every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. 
C)  a group chosen because of its ease of study. 
D)  the most likely to represent the mean of the population.

Question 17

A case history

Accepted Answer

A)  includes an experimental group and a control group. 
B)  necessarily includes the use of inferential statistics. 
C)  establishes the strength of the relationship between two variables. 
D)  is a detailed description of a single individual. 
A)  includes an experimental group and a control group. 
B)  necessarily includes the use of inferential statistics. 
C)  establishes the strength of the relationship between two variables. 
D)  is a detailed description of a single individual.

Question 18

An investigator analyzes the results of an experiment and determines that p < .05. Why does the investigator want to know the value of p?

Accepted Answer

A)  to determine whether the results are statistically significant 
B)  to determine whether participants were randomly assigned to the two groups 
C)  to determine whether the results are replicable 
D)  to determine whether to use the mean or the median 
A)  to determine whether the results are statistically significant 
B)  to determine whether participants were randomly assigned to the two groups 
C)  to determine whether the results are replicable 
D)  to determine whether to use the mean or the median

Question 19

The experimental group in one study receives a free copy of the study guide so that the experimenter can determine the effect of the study guide on test performance. What will the control group in this experiment do?

Accepted Answer

A)  help the experimenter write the tests 
B)  take all the same tests without using the study guide 
C)  use the study guide without taking any tests 
D)  help the experimenter decide which students will get the study guide 
A)  help the experimenter write the tests 
B)  take all the same tests without using the study guide 
C)  use the study guide without taking any tests 
D)  help the experimenter decide which students will get the study guide

Question 20

A falsifiable theory is one that

Accepted Answer

A)  makes clear, easily tested predictions. 
B)  disagrees with well-established evidence. 
C)  makes unnecessary assumptions. 
D)  is too vague to be useful. 
A)  makes clear, easily tested predictions. 
B)  disagrees with well-established evidence. 
C)  makes unnecessary assumptions. 
D)  is too vague to be useful.

Exam 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology

For a variety of reasons, many scientists recommend that instead of (or in addition to) stating the p value, researchers should show the means and:

The ganzfeld procedure, used to investigate claims of extrasensory perception, has been

An experimenter kept students in a hot, neutral, or cold room and then tested their ability to memorize poetry. What was the independent variable in this experiment?

How does an experimenter try to equate the experimental group and the control group at the start of the experiment?

The statement "p < .05" refers to

The goal of scientific research is to establish comprehensive explanations of observable events. These explanations are called

Which of the following is an example of an inferential statistic?

An experimenter announces, "This is an experiment on hypnosis." Although the experimenter does not actually hypnotize anyone, most of the participants behave the way they believe hypnotized people do. These results are an apparent example of the effects of

It is found that children who have many friends are generally happier than children who have fewer friends. What kind of research design was probably used in this study?

The word science derives from a Latin word meaning?

A dependent variable is a variable that

What does it mean to say that "p < .05"?

If the correlation between variable A and variable B is -.5, then

Researchers have found that people who report having trouble sleeping are more likely than others to become depressed. Which of the following conclusions, if any, follows from these data?

Why do investigators sometimes repeat an experiment that other researchers have already completed?

A convenience sample is

A case history

An investigator analyzes the results of an experiment and determines that p < .05. Why does the investigator want to know the value of p?

The experimental group in one study receives a free copy of the study guide so that the experimenter can determine the effect of the study guide on test performance. What will the control group in this experiment do?

A falsifiable theory is one that

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

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