Question 1

The impressions we form of other people are like memory, in that both social impressions and memory

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasize the first information we learn and any unusual information. 
B)  become stronger and stronger as time passes. 
C)  depend on the actor-observer effect. 
D)  are like tape recorders that can replay the original information. 
A)  emphasize the first information we learn and any unusual information. 
B)  become stronger and stronger as time passes. 
C)  depend on the actor-observer effect. 
D)  are like tape recorders that can replay the original information.

Question 2

Which of the following experiments, if attempted today, would probably NOT be approved by a Human Subjects Committee and would not be allowed to take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  Milgram's experiment on obedience to authority. 
B)  Piaget's experiment on object permanence. 
C)  Ebbinghaus' experiments on memory. 
D)  Skinner's experiments on schedules of reinforcement. 
A)  Milgram's experiment on obedience to authority. 
B)  Piaget's experiment on object permanence. 
C)  Ebbinghaus' experiments on memory. 
D)  Skinner's experiments on schedules of reinforcement.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is well established?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most of us use only about 10% of our brain. 
B)  Hypnosis can be useful in suppressing reactions to pain. 
C)  Hypnosis can improve the accuracy of someone who has witnessed a crime. 
D)  People under hypnosis refuse to do anything that might be dangerous. 
A)  Most of us use only about 10% of our brain. 
B)  Hypnosis can be useful in suppressing reactions to pain. 
C)  Hypnosis can improve the accuracy of someone who has witnessed a crime. 
D)  People under hypnosis refuse to do anything that might be dangerous.

Question 4

Which of the following tests was designed to minimize the use of language when taking the test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thematic Apperception Test 
B)  MMPI 
C)  WAIS-III 
D)  Raven's Progressive Matrices 
A)  Thematic Apperception Test 
B)  MMPI 
C)  WAIS-III 
D)  Raven's Progressive Matrices

Question 5

Which of the following is a theory about the perception of pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  gate theory 
B)  depth-of-processing theory 
C)  opponent-process theory 
D)  retinex theory 
A)  gate theory 
B)  depth-of-processing theory 
C)  opponent-process theory 
D)  retinex theory

Question 6

If you want to improve your memorization of a list of words, you should avoid

Accepted Answer

A)  attaching distinctive retrieval cues to each word on the list. 
B)  memorizing similar materials afterward. 
C)  thinking about the meaning of each word on the list. 
D)  long delays between one study session and the next. 
A)  attaching distinctive retrieval cues to each word on the list. 
B)  memorizing similar materials afterward. 
C)  thinking about the meaning of each word on the list. 
D)  long delays between one study session and the next.

Question 7

A new species of animal is discovered. Its retina consists almost entirely of rods (no cones). It sleeps about 16 hours a day. What is probably true of its behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a predator and it is active mostly in the middle of the day. 
B)  It is a prey species and it is active mostly in the middle of the day. 
C)  It is a predator and it is active mostly in the middle of the night. 
D)  It is a prey species and it is active mostly in the middle of the night. 
A)  It is a predator and it is active mostly in the middle of the day. 
B)  It is a prey species and it is active mostly in the middle of the day. 
C)  It is a predator and it is active mostly in the middle of the night. 
D)  It is a prey species and it is active mostly in the middle of the night.

Question 8

An experimenter offers a very small reward to some subjects if they will write an essay in favor of a position that the experimenter knows the subjects oppose. Later the subjects are asked for their current beliefs on that topic. Which theory is the experimenter probably testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance theory 
B)  opponent-process theory of emotions 
C)  learned-helplessness theory 
D)  depth-of-processing theory 
A)  cognitive dissonance theory 
B)  opponent-process theory of emotions 
C)  learned-helplessness theory 
D)  depth-of-processing theory

Question 9

Schizophrenia is believed to be associated with an abnormality of which aspect of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine synapses 
B)  action potential 
C)  glucose metabolism 
D)  myelin sheaths 
A)  dopamine synapses 
B)  action potential 
C)  glucose metabolism 
D)  myelin sheaths

Question 10

B. F. Skinner is known for his work in psychology on

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  sexual behavior. 
C)  defense mechanisms against anxiety. 
D)  moral development. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  sexual behavior. 
C)  defense mechanisms against anxiety. 
D)  moral development.

Question 11

Which of the following general conclusions regarding intelligence and its measurement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contemporary psychologists are now in agreement that there are five basic factors of intelligence. 
B)  Heritability rates for intelligence are so high that most psychologists now acknowledge the environment plays no significant role in shaping intelligence. 
C)  The commonly used intelligence tests have good reliability, but they do not correlate with school performance. 
D)  Although there are many commonly used tests of intelligence, psychologists still have only a limited theoretical understanding of intelligence. 
A)  Contemporary psychologists are now in agreement that there are five basic factors of intelligence. 
B)  Heritability rates for intelligence are so high that most psychologists now acknowledge the environment plays no significant role in shaping intelligence. 
C)  The commonly used intelligence tests have good reliability, but they do not correlate with school performance. 
D)  Although there are many commonly used tests of intelligence, psychologists still have only a limited theoretical understanding of intelligence.

Question 12

Which of the following would lead someone to work less than normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type A personality 
B)  intrinsic motivation 
C)  self-efficacy 
D)  social loafing 
A)  Type A personality 
B)  intrinsic motivation 
C)  self-efficacy 
D)  social loafing

Question 13

It appears that birds are able to spend the migratory season

Accepted Answer

A)  without any sleep at all, even when kept from migrating. 
B)  in REM sleep even though it is flying through the air. 
C)  in a newly discovered stage 6 of sleep. 
D)  in stage 4 sleep without showing paradoxical sleep. 
A)  without any sleep at all, even when kept from migrating. 
B)  in REM sleep even though it is flying through the air. 
C)  in a newly discovered stage 6 of sleep. 
D)  in stage 4 sleep without showing paradoxical sleep.

Question 14

Who experiences paradoxical sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  only active schizophrenics 
B)  only insomniacs 
C)  only children 
D)  everyone 
A)  only active schizophrenics 
B)  only insomniacs 
C)  only children 
D)  everyone

Question 15

A psychologist who decided to use behavior therapy in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder would be most likely to use which of the following procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Encourage the person to free associate or to discuss his or her problems openly. 
B)  Expose the person to the distressing stimulus while preventing the compulsive behaviors. 
C)  Carefully explain to the person why his or her behavior is irrational. 
D)  Administer electroconvulsive shock therapy. 
A)  Encourage the person to free associate or to discuss his or her problems openly. 
B)  Expose the person to the distressing stimulus while preventing the compulsive behaviors. 
C)  Carefully explain to the person why his or her behavior is irrational. 
D)  Administer electroconvulsive shock therapy.

Question 16

Which of the following illustrates what is meant by the word-superiority effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  After children learn to speak, they learn other skills more rapidly than before. 
B)  People can read a blurred word of print more easily than they can read a single blurred letter. 
C)  People who store their memories in words remember them longer and more accurately than those who store them other ways. 
D)  Psychological experimenters get clearer results if they read the instructions aloud than if they ask subjects to read them. 
A)  After children learn to speak, they learn other skills more rapidly than before. 
B)  People can read a blurred word of print more easily than they can read a single blurred letter. 
C)  People who store their memories in words remember them longer and more accurately than those who store them other ways. 
D)  Psychological experimenters get clearer results if they read the instructions aloud than if they ask subjects to read them.

Question 17

Which kind of therapy for psychological disorders uses methods that are mostly closely related to the methods of classical and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalysis 
B)  person-centered therapy 
C)  paradoxical intervention 
D)  behavior therapy 
A)  psychoanalysis 
B)  person-centered therapy 
C)  paradoxical intervention 
D)  behavior therapy

Question 18

Various behaviors emerge at different ages. Of the following, which one is demonstrably present in infants less than one week old?

Accepted Answer

A)  ability to recognize their mother's voice 
B)  ability to use mnemonic devices 
C)  the concept of object permanence 
D)  the concept of conservation 
A)  ability to recognize their mother's voice 
B)  ability to use mnemonic devices 
C)  the concept of object permanence 
D)  the concept of conservation

Question 19

In a typical experiment on operant conditioning, the rate of pressing a lever or pecking a disk would be the

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  independent variable. 
D)  dependent variable. 
A)  reinforcement. 
B)  conditioned stimulus. 
C)  independent variable. 
D)  dependent variable.

Question 20

Which of the following is an operational definition of anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  the opposite of relaxation 
B)  a feeling of worry or nervousness 
C)  the result of a conflict or incongruity between the person's current state and the person's desires 
D)  a measurement of how much the person's hands tremble 
A)  the opposite of relaxation 
B)  a feeling of worry or nervousness 
C)  the result of a conflict or incongruity between the person's current state and the person's desires 
D)  a measurement of how much the person's hands tremble

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

The impressions we form of other people are like memory, in that both social impressions and memory

Which of the following experiments, if attempted today, would probably NOT be approved by a Human Subjects Committee and would not be allowed to take place?

Which of the following statements is well established?

Which of the following tests was designed to minimize the use of language when taking the test?

Which of the following is a theory about the perception of pain?

If you want to improve your memorization of a list of words, you should avoid

A new species of animal is discovered. Its retina consists almost entirely of rods (no cones). It sleeps about 16 hours a day. What is probably true of its behavior?

An experimenter offers a very small reward to some subjects if they will write an essay in favor of a position that the experimenter knows the subjects oppose. Later the subjects are asked for their current beliefs on that topic. Which theory is the experimenter probably testing?

Schizophrenia is believed to be associated with an abnormality of which aspect of the central nervous system?

B. F. Skinner is known for his work in psychology on

Which of the following general conclusions regarding intelligence and its measurement is TRUE?

Which of the following would lead someone to work less than normal?

It appears that birds are able to spend the migratory season

Who experiences paradoxical sleep?

A psychologist who decided to use behavior therapy in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder would be most likely to use which of the following procedures?

Which of the following illustrates what is meant by the word-superiority effect?

Which kind of therapy for psychological disorders uses methods that are mostly closely related to the methods of classical and operant conditioning?

Various behaviors emerge at different ages. Of the following, which one is demonstrably present in infants less than one week old?

In a typical experiment on operant conditioning, the rate of pressing a lever or pecking a disk would be the

Which of the following is an operational definition of anxiety?

What Is Psychology

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