Question 1

Surveys find that married people report being happier, on the average, than unmarried people. What conclusion, if any, do these results justify?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marriage generally helps people to become happy or stay happy. 
B)  Happy people are more likely than unhappy people to get married. 
C)  People of certain ages and backgrounds are more likely than other people to get married and to be happy. 
D)  These results do not support any cause-and-effect conclusion. 
A)  Marriage generally helps people to become happy or stay happy. 
B)  Happy people are more likely than unhappy people to get married. 
C)  People of certain ages and backgrounds are more likely than other people to get married and to be happy. 
D)  These results do not support any cause-and-effect conclusion.

Question 2

Set point theory is a theory dealing with

Accepted Answer

A)  food regulation and hunger. 
B)  emotional reaction and temperament. 
C)  the effectiveness of various reinforcers and punishers. 
D)  social relationships and interpersonal attraction. 
A)  food regulation and hunger. 
B)  emotional reaction and temperament. 
C)  the effectiveness of various reinforcers and punishers. 
D)  social relationships and interpersonal attraction.

Question 3

The survey technique was used by __________ to study __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner...schedules of reinforcement 
B)  Kinsey...sexual behavior 
C)  Piaget...cognitive development 
D)  Schachter...emotions 
A)  Skinner...schedules of reinforcement 
B)  Kinsey...sexual behavior 
C)  Piaget...cognitive development 
D)  Schachter...emotions

Question 4

What do schizophrenia, depression, and alcohol abuse have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  All three are believed to be cause mostly by growing up with a rejecting parent. 
B)  All three are most likely to be diagnosed for the first time in people over the age of 30. 
C)  All three depend in part on genetic predispositions. 
D)  All three can be successfully treated with the drugs haloperidol and chlorpromazine. 
A)  All three are believed to be cause mostly by growing up with a rejecting parent. 
B)  All three are most likely to be diagnosed for the first time in people over the age of 30. 
C)  All three depend in part on genetic predispositions. 
D)  All three can be successfully treated with the drugs haloperidol and chlorpromazine.

Question 5

Most people who buy lottery tickets have developed the habit of doing so based on

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  vicarious reinforcement. 
C)  omission training. 
D)  passive avoidance learning. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  vicarious reinforcement. 
C)  omission training. 
D)  passive avoidance learning.

Question 6

In Milgram's experiment on obedience to authority, he started by asking one person to deliver a mild shock to another person and then gradually worked up to more intense shocks. This procedure resembles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner's principle of shaping. 
B)  Freud's principle of catharsis. 
C)  the Gestalt principle of proximity. 
D)  Jung's principle of the collective unconscious. 
A)  Skinner's principle of shaping. 
B)  Freud's principle of catharsis. 
C)  the Gestalt principle of proximity. 
D)  Jung's principle of the collective unconscious.

Question 7

Both Freud and Piaget described stages in children's development. What was the main difference in the ways they discovered these stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget studied older children than Freud did. 
B)  Piaget actually watched children; Freud did not. 
C)  Freud dealt with children's intellect while Piaget dealt with their emotions. 
D)  Piaget used a cross-sectional method while Freud used a longitudinal method. 
A)  Piaget studied older children than Freud did. 
B)  Piaget actually watched children; Freud did not. 
C)  Freud dealt with children's intellect while Piaget dealt with their emotions. 
D)  Piaget used a cross-sectional method while Freud used a longitudinal method.

Question 8

An experimenter flashes a picture in someone's left visual field and asks what it was. The person answers "I don't know," while pointing to the correct answer with the left hand. What part of the brain is probably damaged in this person?

Accepted Answer

A)  corpus callosum 
B)  visual cortex in the left hemisphere 
C)  visual cortex in the right hemisphere 
D)  Broca's area 
A)  corpus callosum 
B)  visual cortex in the left hemisphere 
C)  visual cortex in the right hemisphere 
D)  Broca's area

Question 9

Psychological research has FAILED to support which of the following claims?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subliminal messages can exert long-lasting effects on people's attitudes and behaviors. 
B)  Post-hypnotic suggestions can influence people's behaviors. 
C)  Alcoholism, schizophrenia, and sexual orientation are all influenced by genetic differences among people. 
D)  An infant less than two days old can recognize the sound of his/her own mother's voice. 
A)  Subliminal messages can exert long-lasting effects on people's attitudes and behaviors. 
B)  Post-hypnotic suggestions can influence people's behaviors. 
C)  Alcoholism, schizophrenia, and sexual orientation are all influenced by genetic differences among people. 
D)  An infant less than two days old can recognize the sound of his/her own mother's voice.

Question 10

Evidence suggests that egocentrism is

Accepted Answer

A)  found only in children. 
B)  found in both adults and children. 
C)  commonly seen in autistic children, but not in normally developing children. 
D)  the tendency to see others' behavior as being caused by dispositional factors. 
A)  found only in children. 
B)  found in both adults and children. 
C)  commonly seen in autistic children, but not in normally developing children. 
D)  the tendency to see others' behavior as being caused by dispositional factors.

Question 11

Scott has been asked what he just saw in his left visual field. He points to the correct answer with his left hand while insisting, "I didn't see anything!" What is probably wrong with him?

Accepted Answer

A)  damage to the hippocampus 
B)  narcolepsy 
C)  damage to the corpus callosum 
D)  schizophrenia 
A)  damage to the hippocampus 
B)  narcolepsy 
C)  damage to the corpus callosum 
D)  schizophrenia

Question 12

B. F. Skinner's theories and methods served as the point of origin for

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  rational-emotive therapy. 
C)  paradoxical intervention. 
D)  transactional analysis. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  rational-emotive therapy. 
C)  paradoxical intervention. 
D)  transactional analysis.

Question 13

Masters and Johnson are famous for identifying four stages of

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive development. 
B)  reaction to death. 
C)  sexual arousal. 
D)  recovery from schizophrenia. 
A)  cognitive development. 
B)  reaction to death. 
C)  sexual arousal. 
D)  recovery from schizophrenia.

Question 14

Two psychologists are debating about the volley principle versus the place principle. What topic are they discussing?

Accepted Answer

A)  emotions 
B)  hearing 
C)  attitude formation 
D)  long-term memory 
A)  emotions 
B)  hearing 
C)  attitude formation 
D)  long-term memory

Question 15

You overhear someone mention "DSM-IV" in a conversation. What is probably the topic of the conversation?

Accepted Answer

A)  selection of jurors 
B)  psychological disorders 
C)  methods of losing weight 
D)  stages of sleep 
A)  selection of jurors 
B)  psychological disorders 
C)  methods of losing weight 
D)  stages of sleep

Question 16

Industrial psychologists and ergonomists usually provide their services to

Accepted Answer

A)  children and adolescents. 
B)  adults. 
C)  other psychologists. 
D)  companies. 
A)  children and adolescents. 
B)  adults. 
C)  other psychologists. 
D)  companies.

Question 17

The James-Lange theory and the Schachter-Singer theory are both theories about

Accepted Answer

A)  emotion. 
B)  audition. 
C)  personality. 
D)  psychotherapy. 
A)  emotion. 
B)  audition. 
C)  personality. 
D)  psychotherapy.

Question 18

The development of sexual anatomy is most strongly influenced by the presence or absence of the hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  endorphin. 
C)  testosterone. 
D)  estrogen. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  endorphin. 
C)  testosterone. 
D)  estrogen.

Question 19

Theoretically, which of the following should vary least from one person to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  style of life (as described by Adler) 
B)  the collective unconscious (as described by Jung) 
C)  moral reasoning (as described by Kohlberg) 
D)  attribution (as described by Heider) 
A)  style of life (as described by Adler) 
B)  the collective unconscious (as described by Jung) 
C)  moral reasoning (as described by Kohlberg) 
D)  attribution (as described by Heider)

Question 20

Social learning theory stresses that much of our behavior is learned through

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  aversion and terror management. 
C)  imitation and modeling. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  aversion and terror management. 
C)  imitation and modeling. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

Surveys find that married people report being happier, on the average, than unmarried people. What conclusion, if any, do these results justify?

Set point theory is a theory dealing with

The survey technique was used by __________ to study __________.

What do schizophrenia, depression, and alcohol abuse have in common?

Most people who buy lottery tickets have developed the habit of doing so based on

In Milgram's experiment on obedience to authority, he started by asking one person to deliver a mild shock to another person and then gradually worked up to more intense shocks. This procedure resembles?

Both Freud and Piaget described stages in children's development. What was the main difference in the ways they discovered these stages?

An experimenter flashes a picture in someone's left visual field and asks what it was. The person answers "I don't know," while pointing to the correct answer with the left hand. What part of the brain is probably damaged in this person?

Psychological research has FAILED to support which of the following claims?

Evidence suggests that egocentrism is

Scott has been asked what he just saw in his left visual field. He points to the correct answer with his left hand while insisting, "I didn't see anything!" What is probably wrong with him?

B. F. Skinner's theories and methods served as the point of origin for

Masters and Johnson are famous for identifying four stages of

Two psychologists are debating about the volley principle versus the place principle. What topic are they discussing?

You overhear someone mention "DSM-IV" in a conversation. What is probably the topic of the conversation?

Industrial psychologists and ergonomists usually provide their services to

The James-Lange theory and the Schachter-Singer theory are both theories about

The development of sexual anatomy is most strongly influenced by the presence or absence of the hormone

Theoretically, which of the following should vary least from one person to another?

Social learning theory stresses that much of our behavior is learned through

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

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