Exam 6: Section 3: Memory

Psychologist Stephen Lindsay had participants look at their first-grade class photo and read a description of a prank they were led to believe they had committed in the first grade-putting Slime in the teacher's desk. Participants who looked at their first-grade photo were much more likely to believe they had committed the prank than participants who did not look at their first-grade photo.

Therapy that involves the recovery of so-called repressed memories through hypnosis and other suggestive techniques can produce false memories that feel just as real as authentic memories.

The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly important for working memory.

The content of earliest autobiographical memories for Taiwanese and Chinese college students tended to concern discrete events and personal emotions they evoked.

Plaques and tangles are abnormal brain structures that are present only in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.

An abundance of abnormal structures called beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are present in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.

Iconic memory and echoic memory are both types of sensory memory.

Cued recall is a memory measurement that involves identifying an item of information in response to a retrieval cue.

Maintenance rehearsal focuses on the meaning of information and is useful for maintaining information in long-term memory.

Marcia says, "Oh, I know that actor's name. I just can't remember it right now." Marcia seems to be having a tip-of-the-tongue experience.

"Mood congruence" refers to the finding that when people are in a depressed mood, they are more likely to recall happy memories.

Driving home from work, Scott saw a dog hit by a car on the highway, and he tried to put it out of his mind. This is an example of repression.

The number of Americans with Alzheimer's disease is expected to dramatically increase as the "baby boomer" generation reaches age 65 and beyond.

Richard Thompson discovered that the memory trace of a simple conditioned reflex in a rabbit was, as Lashley had concluded, distributed throughout the brain.

One of the most effective strategies for encoding information into long-term memory is elaborative rehearsal.

The Focus on Neuroscience on mapping brain changes in Alzheimer's disease summarized a study that discovered that the disease first attacks the thick bundle of axons called the corpus callosum, which is the main communication link between the two hemispheres.

Suppression is motivated forgetting that occurs unconsciously and involves a memory that is blocked and unavailable to consciousness.

The stage model of memory consists of three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Using visual imagery is a good way to improve memory.

You will remember new material better if you actively think about the material, make associations to your own experiences, and come up with new examples of your own.