Question 1

The humerus is an example of a(n)________ bone.

Accepted Answer

A) long 
B) short 
C) flat 
D) irregular 
E) sesamoid 
A) long 
B) short 
C) flat 
D) irregular 
E) sesamoid

Question 2

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called

Accepted Answer

A) central canals. 
B) lacunae. 
C) canaliculi. 
D) medullary cavities. 
E) foramina. 
A) central canals. 
B) lacunae. 
C) canaliculi. 
D) medullary cavities. 
E) foramina.

Question 3

A sample of bone has lamellae that are not arranged in osteons.Is the sample more likely from the epiphysis or from the diaphysis?

Accepted Answer

A) epiphysis 
B) diaphysis 
A) epiphysis 
B) diaphysis

Question 4

Would you expect to see changes in blood levels of the hormones calcitonin and PTH as a result of vitamin D3 deficiency? Explain.

Accepted Answer

A person deficient in vitamin D3 would n

Question 5

Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) osteoclast 
B) osteoprogenitor 
C) mesenchymal 
D) osteoblast 
E) osteocyte 
A) osteoclast 
B) osteoprogenitor 
C) mesenchymal 
D) osteoblast 
E) osteocyte

Question 6

The opening in the diaphysis through which blood vessels provide oxygen to osteons is named the ________ foramen.

Accepted Answer

A) metaphyseal 
B) medullary 
C) epiphyseal 
D) nutrient 
E) articular 
A) metaphyseal 
B) medullary 
C) epiphyseal 
D) nutrient 
E) articular

Question 7

Which of the following is not present in bone?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium phosphate 
B) collagen fibers 
C) calcium carbonate 
D) chondroitin sulfate 
E) hydroxyapatite 
A) calcium phosphate 
B) collagen fibers 
C) calcium carbonate 
D) chondroitin sulfate 
E) hydroxyapatite

Question 8

Figure 6-1
-Which structure is characteristic of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 9

Damage to a bone because of extreme load,sudden impact,or stresses applied from an unusual direction is called a

Accepted Answer

A) sprain. 
B) fracture. 
C) hematoma. 
D) callus. 
E) displacement. 
A) sprain. 
B) fracture. 
C) hematoma. 
D) callus. 
E) displacement.

Question 10

An open,or ________,fracture projects through the skin.

Accepted Answer

A) simple 
B) compound 
A) simple 
B) compound

Question 11

Figure 6-2
-What process is shown at "6"?

Accepted Answer

A) primary ossification 
B) secondary ossification 
C) length growth 
D) width growth 
E) fracture repair 
A) primary ossification 
B) secondary ossification 
C) length growth 
D) width growth 
E) fracture repair

Question 12

The adult skeleton contains ________ major bones.

Accepted Answer

A) 114 
B) 167 
C) 206 
D) 276 
E) 311 
A) 114 
B) 167 
C) 206 
D) 276 
E) 311

Question 13

Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in

Accepted Answer

A) osteoporosis. 
B) osteopenia. 
C) rickets. 
D) gigantism. 
E) dwarfism. 
A) osteoporosis. 
B) osteopenia. 
C) rickets. 
D) gigantism. 
E) dwarfism.

Question 14

Describe the axial and appendicular divisions of the skeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull.The appendicular skeleton consists of the remaining bones of the skeleton. 
B) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull and vertebral column.The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the thorax,limbs,pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle. 
C) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull,vertebral column,and thorax.The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs,pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle. 
D) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull,vertebral column,thorax,and pectoral girdle.The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs,and pelvic girdle. 
E) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull,vertebral column,thorax,pectoral and pelvic girdles.The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs. 
A) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull.The appendicular skeleton consists of the remaining bones of the skeleton. 
B) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull and vertebral column.The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the thorax,limbs,pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle. 
C) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull,vertebral column,and thorax.The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs,pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle. 
D) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull,vertebral column,thorax,and pectoral girdle.The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs,and pelvic girdle. 
E) The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull,vertebral column,thorax,pectoral and pelvic girdles.The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs.

Question 15

Why is pituitary growth failure less common today in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) Because children have smaller pituitary glands which function more effectively at producing growth hormone. 
B) Because children have larger pituitary glands which function more effectively at producing growth hormone. 
C) Because children have better diets and are more nourished allowing greater growth hormone production. 
D) Because children can be treated with synthetic human growth hormone if they are deficient. 
E) Because children can receive a pituitary gland transplant if they are deficient in growth hormone. 
A) Because children have smaller pituitary glands which function more effectively at producing growth hormone. 
B) Because children have larger pituitary glands which function more effectively at producing growth hormone. 
C) Because children have better diets and are more nourished allowing greater growth hormone production. 
D) Because children can be treated with synthetic human growth hormone if they are deficient. 
E) Because children can receive a pituitary gland transplant if they are deficient in growth hormone.

Question 16

Which is greater?

Accepted Answer

A) blood calcium levels when parathyroid hormone is increased 
B) blood calcium levels when parathyroid hormone is decreased 
A) blood calcium levels when parathyroid hormone is increased 
B) blood calcium levels when parathyroid hormone is decreased

Question 17

Which of the following statements about Marfan's syndrome is false?

Accepted Answer

A) It results in short,stubby fingers. 
B) It results from a mutation. 
C) It affects connective tissue genes. 
D) It affects epiphyseal cartilages. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) It results in short,stubby fingers. 
B) It results from a mutation. 
C) It affects connective tissue genes. 
D) It affects epiphyseal cartilages. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

A small rough bump on bone where a tendon attaches is called a

Accepted Answer

A) tuberosity. 
B) ramus. 
C) condyle. 
D) diaphysis. 
E) process. 
A) tuberosity. 
B) ramus. 
C) condyle. 
D) diaphysis. 
E) process.

Question 19

A ________ fracture is produced by twisting stresses applied to the bone.

Accepted Answer

A) comminuted 
B) displaced 
C) spiral 
D) nondisplaced 
E) transverse 
A) comminuted 
B) displaced 
C) spiral 
D) nondisplaced 
E) transverse

Question 20

Define appositional growth.

Accepted Answer

A) Appositional growth is a decrease in bone diameter due to the addition of bone matrix at the endosteum of the medullary cavity. 
B) Appositional growth is a decrease in bone diameter due to the pulling of the epiphyses by muscles during physical activity. 
C) Appositional growth is an increase in bone diameter due to the pulling of the epiphyses by muscles during physical activity. 
D) Appositional growth is a decrease in bone diameter due to the addition of bone matrix at the bone's outer surface. 
E) Appositional growth is an increase in bone diameter due to the addition of bone matrix at the bone's outer surface. 
A) Appositional growth is a decrease in bone diameter due to the addition of bone matrix at the endosteum of the medullary cavity. 
B) Appositional growth is a decrease in bone diameter due to the pulling of the epiphyses by muscles during physical activity. 
C) Appositional growth is an increase in bone diameter due to the pulling of the epiphyses by muscles during physical activity. 
D) Appositional growth is a decrease in bone diameter due to the addition of bone matrix at the bone's outer surface. 
E) Appositional growth is an increase in bone diameter due to the addition of bone matrix at the bone's outer surface.

Exam 6: Bones and Bone Structure

The humerus is an example of a(n)________ bone.

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called

A sample of bone has lamellae that are not arranged in osteons.Is the sample more likely from the epiphysis or from the diaphysis?

Would you expect to see changes in blood levels of the hormones calcitonin and PTH as a result of vitamin D3 deficiency? Explain.

Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells.

The opening in the diaphysis through which blood vessels provide oxygen to osteons is named the ________ foramen.

Which of the following is not present in bone?

Figure 6-1 -Which structure is characteristic of spongy bone?

Damage to a bone because of extreme load,sudden impact,or stresses applied from an unusual direction is called a

An open,or ________,fracture projects through the skin.

Figure 6-2 -What process is shown at "6"?

The adult skeleton contains ________ major bones.

Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in

Describe the axial and appendicular divisions of the skeleton.

Why is pituitary growth failure less common today in the United States?

Which is greater?

Which of the following statements about Marfan's syndrome is false?

A small rough bump on bone where a tendon attaches is called a

A ________ fracture is produced by twisting stresses applied to the bone.

Define appositional growth.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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