Question 1

The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a

Accepted Answer

A) Volkmann's canal. 
B) lacuna. 
C) trabecula. 
D) Haversian canal. 
E) Venetian canal. 
A) Volkmann's canal. 
B) lacuna. 
C) trabecula. 
D) Haversian canal. 
E) Venetian canal.

Question 2

After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed,the thickened region that results is called the

Accepted Answer

A) epiphyseal plate. 
B) external callus. 
C) dense tuberosity. 
D) condyle. 
E) fracture facet. 
A) epiphyseal plate. 
B) external callus. 
C) dense tuberosity. 
D) condyle. 
E) fracture facet.

Question 3

When testosterone is increased in males at puberty,epiphyseal plates

Accepted Answer

A) widen. 
B) become narrower. 
C) increase slowly. 
D) accelerate rapidly 
E) are hardly affected. 
A) widen. 
B) become narrower. 
C) increase slowly. 
D) accelerate rapidly 
E) are hardly affected.

Question 4

Cells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the

Accepted Answer

A) osteoblasts. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) osteoid. 
D) osteogenic cells. 
E) osteoclasts. 
A) osteoblasts. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) osteoid. 
D) osteogenic cells. 
E) osteoclasts.

Question 5

________ accounts for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone.

Accepted Answer

A) Water 
B) Calcium carbonate 
C) Collagen fibers 
D) Fluoride 
E) Calcium phosphate 
A) Water 
B) Calcium carbonate 
C) Collagen fibers 
D) Fluoride 
E) Calcium phosphate

Question 6

How does calcitonin act to lower blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) Increases osteoblast break down of bone matrix,increases calcitriol production,increases intestinal absorption,and decreases renal excretion 
B) Increases osteoclast break down of bone matrix,decreases calcitriol production,increases intestinal absorption,and decreases renal excretion 
C) Decreases osteoblast break down of bone matrix,increases calcitriol production,increases intestinal absorption,and decreases renal excretion 
D) Decreases osteoclast break down of bone matrix,decreases calcitriol production,decreases intestinal absorption,and increases renal excretion 
E) Increases endochondral ossification 
A) Increases osteoblast break down of bone matrix,increases calcitriol production,increases intestinal absorption,and decreases renal excretion 
B) Increases osteoclast break down of bone matrix,decreases calcitriol production,increases intestinal absorption,and decreases renal excretion 
C) Decreases osteoblast break down of bone matrix,increases calcitriol production,increases intestinal absorption,and decreases renal excretion 
D) Decreases osteoclast break down of bone matrix,decreases calcitriol production,decreases intestinal absorption,and increases renal excretion 
E) Increases endochondral ossification

Question 7

The structural units of mature compact bone are called

Accepted Answer

A) lacunae. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) osteons. 
D) canaliculi. 
E) lamellae. 
A) lacunae. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) osteons. 
D) canaliculi. 
E) lamellae.

Question 8

Distinguish between the periosteum and the endosteum.

Accepted Answer

The periosteum is the superficial layer

Question 9

Osteocytes are embedded in a dense matrix of hydroxyapatite.Which of the following describes how osteocytes receive nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A) by osmosis from neighboring osteocytes. 
B) by diffusion from neighboring osteoblasts cells traveling through lamellae. 
C) by diffusion from nutrients released from vessels in the central canal that travel through canaliculi. 
D) by diffusion from nutrients released from vessels in the central canal that travel through perforating canals. 
E) by diffusion directly from nutrients stored in the periosteum. 
A) by osmosis from neighboring osteocytes. 
B) by diffusion from neighboring osteoblasts cells traveling through lamellae. 
C) by diffusion from nutrients released from vessels in the central canal that travel through canaliculi. 
D) by diffusion from nutrients released from vessels in the central canal that travel through perforating canals. 
E) by diffusion directly from nutrients stored in the periosteum.

Question 10

The smooth,rounded articular process of a bone is termed a

Accepted Answer

A) crest. 
B) ridge. 
C) spine. 
D) condyle. 
E) trochlea. 
A) crest. 
B) ridge. 
C) spine. 
D) condyle. 
E) trochlea.

Question 11

In compact bone,the osteons are

Accepted Answer

A) arranged in concentric lamellae. 
B) lined up perpendicular to the long axis. 
C) arranged in an irregular pattern. 
D) separated by medullary spaces. 
E) lacking in the diaphysis. 
A) arranged in concentric lamellae. 
B) lined up perpendicular to the long axis. 
C) arranged in an irregular pattern. 
D) separated by medullary spaces. 
E) lacking in the diaphysis.

Question 12

Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone

Accepted Answer

A) calcitonin. 
B) thyroid hormone. 
C) parathyroid hormone. 
D) growth hormone. 
E) testosterone. 
A) calcitonin. 
B) thyroid hormone. 
C) parathyroid hormone. 
D) growth hormone. 
E) testosterone.

Question 13

Figure 6-2
-What type of tissue occurs at "1"?

Accepted Answer

A) elastic tissue 
B) fibrocartilage 
C) bone 
D) hyaline cartilage 
E) marrow tissue 
A) elastic tissue 
B) fibrocartilage 
C) bone 
D) hyaline cartilage 
E) marrow tissue

Question 14

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?

Accepted Answer

A) patella 
B) frontal 
C) vertebra 
D) metatarsal 
E) ulna 
A) patella 
B) frontal 
C) vertebra 
D) metatarsal 
E) ulna

Question 15

Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

A) tendons 
B) bones 
C) ligaments 
D) cartilages 
A) tendons 
B) bones 
C) ligaments 
D) cartilages

Question 16

What is the difference between ossification and calcification?

Accepted Answer

Ossification means specificall

Question 17

How would the compressive strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased?

Accepted Answer

A) The compressive strength would decrease and the bone would become more flexible. 
B) The compressive strength would decrease and the bone would become less flexible. 
C) The compressive strength would increase and the bone would become more flexible. 
D) The compressive strength would increase and the bone would become less flexible. 
E) The compressive strength would not change but the bone would become more flexible. 
A) The compressive strength would decrease and the bone would become more flexible. 
B) The compressive strength would decrease and the bone would become less flexible. 
C) The compressive strength would increase and the bone would become more flexible. 
D) The compressive strength would increase and the bone would become less flexible. 
E) The compressive strength would not change but the bone would become more flexible.

Question 18

The interconnecting struts and plates found in spongy bone are called

Accepted Answer

A) osteons. 
B) trabeculae. 
C) concentric lamellae. 
D) interstitial lamellae. 
E) lacunae. 
A) osteons. 
B) trabeculae. 
C) concentric lamellae. 
D) interstitial lamellae. 
E) lacunae.

Question 19

Which three organ systems coordinate to maintain normal blood calcium level?

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal system,respiratory system,cardiovascular system 
B) cardiovascular system,respiratory system,lymphatic system 
C) skeletal system,muscular system,integumentary system 
D) skeletal system,digestive system,urinary system 
E) cardiovascular system,urinary system,respiratory system 
A) skeletal system,respiratory system,cardiovascular system 
B) cardiovascular system,respiratory system,lymphatic system 
C) skeletal system,muscular system,integumentary system 
D) skeletal system,digestive system,urinary system 
E) cardiovascular system,urinary system,respiratory system

Question 20

The hormone calcitonin

Accepted Answer

A) stimulates osteoclast activity. 
B) decreases the rate of calcium excretion. 
C) decreases the rate of calcium absorption. 
D) decreases the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
E) stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts. 
A) stimulates osteoclast activity. 
B) decreases the rate of calcium excretion. 
C) decreases the rate of calcium absorption. 
D) decreases the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
E) stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts.

Exam 6: Bones and Bone Structure

The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a

After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed,the thickened region that results is called the

When testosterone is increased in males at puberty,epiphyseal plates

Cells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the

________ accounts for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone.

How does calcitonin act to lower blood calcium?

The structural units of mature compact bone are called

Distinguish between the periosteum and the endosteum.

Osteocytes are embedded in a dense matrix of hydroxyapatite.Which of the following describes how osteocytes receive nutrients?

The smooth,rounded articular process of a bone is termed a

In compact bone,the osteons are

Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone

Figure 6-2 -What type of tissue occurs at "1"?

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?

Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system?

What is the difference between ossification and calcification?

How would the compressive strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased?

The interconnecting struts and plates found in spongy bone are called

Which three organ systems coordinate to maintain normal blood calcium level?

The hormone calcitonin

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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