Question 1

The trabeculae of spongy bone

Accepted Answer

A) are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone. 
B) are organized along stress lines. 
C) are composed mostly of cartilage. 
D) will collapse under stress. 
E) are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis. 
A) are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone. 
B) are organized along stress lines. 
C) are composed mostly of cartilage. 
D) will collapse under stress. 
E) are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis.

Question 2

The central canal of an osteon contains

Accepted Answer

A) bone marrow. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) concentric lamellae. 
D) blood vessels. 
E) lacunae. 
A) bone marrow. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) concentric lamellae. 
D) blood vessels. 
E) lacunae.

Question 3

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,

Accepted Answer

A) puberty begins. 
B) interstitial bone growth begins. 
C) appositional bone growth begins. 
D) long bones have reached their adult length. 
E) the bone becomes more brittle. 
A) puberty begins. 
B) interstitial bone growth begins. 
C) appositional bone growth begins. 
D) long bones have reached their adult length. 
E) the bone becomes more brittle.

Question 4

List the steps involved in fracture repair,beginning just after the fracture occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) compact bone formation,spongy bone formation,callus formation,fracture hematoma formation 
B) fracture hematoma formation,spongy bone formation,callus formation,compact bone formation 
C) callus formation,fracture hematoma formation,compact bone formation,spongy bone formation 
D) callus formation,spongy bone formation,fracture hematoma formation,compact bone formation 
E) fracture hematoma formation,callus formation,spongy bone formation,compact bone formation 
A) compact bone formation,spongy bone formation,callus formation,fracture hematoma formation 
B) fracture hematoma formation,spongy bone formation,callus formation,compact bone formation 
C) callus formation,fracture hematoma formation,compact bone formation,spongy bone formation 
D) callus formation,spongy bone formation,fracture hematoma formation,compact bone formation 
E) fracture hematoma formation,callus formation,spongy bone formation,compact bone formation

Question 5

During intramembranous ossification,bone replaces which type of tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) hyaline cartilage 
B) elastic cartilage 
C) fibrocartilage 
D) embryonic,or fibrous connective tissue 
E) skeletal muscle 
A) hyaline cartilage 
B) elastic cartilage 
C) fibrocartilage 
D) embryonic,or fibrous connective tissue 
E) skeletal muscle

Question 6

The shaft of a long bone is called the

Accepted Answer

A) epiphysis. 
B) diaphysis. 
C) epiphyseal plate. 
D) metaphysis. 
E) lamella. 
A) epiphysis. 
B) diaphysis. 
C) epiphyseal plate. 
D) metaphysis. 
E) lamella.

Question 7

A rounded hole through a bone is termed a

Accepted Answer

A) ramus. 
B) foramen. 
C) linea. 
D) tubercle. 
E) facet. 
A) ramus. 
B) foramen. 
C) linea. 
D) tubercle. 
E) facet.

Question 8

In endochondral ossification,what is the original source of osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

A) The hyaline chondrocytes become osteoblasts. 
B) The differentiation of cells in the inner layer of the perichondrium. 
C) The differentiation of cells in the endochondrium. 
D) The differentiation of cells in the synovial cavity. 
E) The fibroblasts become osteoblasts. 
A) The hyaline chondrocytes become osteoblasts. 
B) The differentiation of cells in the inner layer of the perichondrium. 
C) The differentiation of cells in the endochondrium. 
D) The differentiation of cells in the synovial cavity. 
E) The fibroblasts become osteoblasts.

Question 9

Figure 6-2
-Identify the structure labeled "2."

Accepted Answer

A) epiphysis 
B) diaphysis 
C) metaphysis 
D) marrow cavity 
E) trabeculae 
A) epiphysis 
B) diaphysis 
C) metaphysis 
D) marrow cavity 
E) trabeculae

Question 10

The most abundant cell type in bone is

Accepted Answer

A) osteoclasts. 
B) osteoblasts. 
C) osteolytes. 
D) osteogenic cells. 
E) osteocytes. 
A) osteoclasts. 
B) osteoblasts. 
C) osteolytes. 
D) osteogenic cells. 
E) osteocytes.

Question 11

What is the ratio of organic compounds to inorganic components in the composition of bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Organic compounds make up 25%; inorganic components make up 75%. 
B) Organic compounds make up 75%; inorganic components make up 25%. 
C) Organic compounds make up 33%; inorganic components make up 67%. 
D) Organic compounds make up 67%; inorganic components make up 33%. 
E) Organic compounds make up 18%; inorganic components make up 82%. 
A) Organic compounds make up 25%; inorganic components make up 75%. 
B) Organic compounds make up 75%; inorganic components make up 25%. 
C) Organic compounds make up 33%; inorganic components make up 67%. 
D) Organic compounds make up 67%; inorganic components make up 33%. 
E) Organic compounds make up 18%; inorganic components make up 82%.

Question 12

________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles.

Accepted Answer

A) Short 
B) Irregular 
C) Spongy 
D) Compact 
E) Long 
A) Short 
B) Irregular 
C) Spongy 
D) Compact 
E) Long

Question 13

Which of the following best matches osteocyte?

Accepted Answer

A) stem cell 
B) dissolves matrix 
C) mature bone cell 
D) secretes organic matrix 
E) produce blood cells 
A) stem cell 
B) dissolves matrix 
C) mature bone cell 
D) secretes organic matrix 
E) produce blood cells

Question 14

When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side,bones

Accepted Answer

A) grow longer. 
B) grow wider. 
C) become shorter. 
D) become more porous and weaker. 
E) become thicker. 
A) grow longer. 
B) grow wider. 
C) become shorter. 
D) become more porous and weaker. 
E) become thicker.

Question 15

________ cells,which differentiate into osteoblasts,are located in the endosteum and inner cellular layer of the periosteum.

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocyte 
B) Osteoclast 
C) Osteoid 
D) Osteogenic 
E) Osteoblast 
A) Osteocyte 
B) Osteoclast 
C) Osteoid 
D) Osteogenic 
E) Osteoblast

Question 16

The femur can withstand ________ times the body's weight without breaking.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 5 to 10 
C) 8 
D) 10 to 15 
E) 30 
A) 3 
B) 5 to 10 
C) 8 
D) 10 to 15 
E) 30

Question 17

The narrow region between the head and diaphysis of a long bone is called the

Accepted Answer

A) canal. 
B) sulcus. 
C) trochlea. 
D) ramus. 
E) neck. 
A) canal. 
B) sulcus. 
C) trochlea. 
D) ramus. 
E) neck.

Question 18

During appositional growth,

Accepted Answer

A) bones grow longer. 
B) bones grow wider. 
C) bone is replaced by cartilage. 
D) the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis. 
E) osteoblasts are overwhelmed by osteocytes. 
A) bones grow longer. 
B) bones grow wider. 
C) bone is replaced by cartilage. 
D) the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis. 
E) osteoblasts are overwhelmed by osteocytes.

Question 19

A projection at an angle on a bone is termed a

Accepted Answer

A) trochlea. 
B) canal. 
C) condyle. 
D) crest. 
E) ramus. 
A) trochlea. 
B) canal. 
C) condyle. 
D) crest. 
E) ramus.

Question 20

Figure 6-1
-What are the structures labeled "4"?

Accepted Answer

A) concentric lamellae 
B) perforating canals 
C) interstitial lamellae 
D) trabeculae 
E) periosteum 
A) concentric lamellae 
B) perforating canals 
C) interstitial lamellae 
D) trabeculae 
E) periosteum

Exam 6: Bones and Bone Structure

The trabeculae of spongy bone

The central canal of an osteon contains

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,

List the steps involved in fracture repair,beginning just after the fracture occurs.

During intramembranous ossification,bone replaces which type of tissue?

The shaft of a long bone is called the

A rounded hole through a bone is termed a

In endochondral ossification,what is the original source of osteoblasts?

Figure 6-2 -Identify the structure labeled "2."

The most abundant cell type in bone is

What is the ratio of organic compounds to inorganic components in the composition of bone?

________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles.

Which of the following best matches osteocyte?

When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side,bones

________ cells,which differentiate into osteoblasts,are located in the endosteum and inner cellular layer of the periosteum.

The femur can withstand ________ times the body's weight without breaking.

The narrow region between the head and diaphysis of a long bone is called the

During appositional growth,

A projection at an angle on a bone is termed a

Figure 6-1 -What are the structures labeled "4"?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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