Exam 9: Section 2: Language and Thought

_____ trained a chimpanzee named Washoe to talk using _____.

When Karen, a toddler, wants her mother to give her more juice, she says "More juice" instead of "Juice more." This way of expressing herself shows that Karen understands:

Learning to form the past tense of words:

Tammy names her baby Evan because she really loves the name. A year later, Tammy comes home upset after picking Evan up from daycare. When her husband inquires as to the problem, Tammy responds that there is another child at the daycare named Evan. Moreover, one of her acquaintances just named her son Evan. The husband doesn't really see the problem, but Tammy elaborates that they might as well have named their baby Joe Smith because Evan is such a common name. Her husband does a quick Internet search and convinces Tammy that Evan isn't even in the 20 most popular baby names for boys. Tammy appears to be the victim of the:

Which statement about the babbling of deaf babies is FALSE?

At 11 p.m., Alexia is working on an important work assignment due tomorrow. The assignment requires the Internet to access important files from a server. Unfortunately, a power outage just knocked out Alexia's home Internet service. Local cafes with free wireless Internet are closed, as are public libraries. The college library is still open, but will close in an hour, and Alexia needs to work all night to get this project done. After a few minutes of pondering what to do, she calls a local motel that has free Internet service and books a room for the night. Alexia's decision making illustrates _____ reasoning.

According to prospect theory, when faced with a decision, people first:

Which statement about the limitations of language learning in apes is NOT true?

People often make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation. This behavior illustrates:

Prospect theory assumes that people are more likely to take a risk:

Mental activity that organizes information and beliefs into a series of steps to reach a set of conclusions is also known as:

Speeding in the town of Chanceville traditionally results in a $300 fine. The judge at the traffic court, however, decides to change the policy. People found guilty of speeding have the choice of paying the $300 fine or spinning a wheel. There is an 80 percent chance that the needle on the wheel will land on a $400 fine and a 20 percent chance that the needle will land on "No Fine." The city leaders of Chanceville probably will _____ this new policy because _____.

Winawer et al. (2007) presented English and Russian speakers with a blue sample stimulus. They also were shown two blue comparison stimuli. One comparison stimulus matched the shade of the sample stimulus, and one comparison stimulus was of a different shade. Participants were asked to identify which of the two comparison stimuli matched the sample stimulus. This research found that:

Theoretical reasoning necessarily lacks:

The sentences "The dog chased the cat" and "The cat was chased by the dog" have _____ deep structure and _____ surface structure.

Category-specific deficits usually result when a person suffers damage to areas in the:

Children overgeneralize the rules of the grammar that guide their spoken language, resulting in speech language errors. The predictability of these errors illustrates an important point regarding language development, namely that language development:

Insight problem solvers tend to have higher resting activity in the _____ than non-insight problem solvers.

Tom is considering moving to a new city. He reads that the employment rate in that city is 90 percent, which he thinks is very favorable. Ted is considering moving to the same city, but he reads that the unemployment rate is 10 percent, which he thinks is unacceptably high. Why would Tom and Ted reach such different conclusions based on the same statistics?

Lauren has just begun to use two-word phrases, such as "give doll" and "throw ball." Lauren is probably about _____ months old.