Question 1

The "Aha!" moment that accompanies an insightful solution occurs about one-third of a second after a spike in electrical activity in the:

Accepted Answer

A) prefrontal cortex. 
B) right temporal lobe. 
C) hippocampus. 
D) visual cortex. 
A) prefrontal cortex. 
B) right temporal lobe. 
C) hippocampus. 
D) visual cortex.

Question 2

Which statement about a child's ability to distinguish speech sounds is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Newborns can distinguish among only a few sounds, but by 6 months, babies can distinguish among the sounds of all languages. 
B) Newborns can distinguish among the sounds of all languages, but by 6 months, babies lose this ability. 
C) Newborns can distinguish among the sounds of all languages, and this ability is retained throughout life. 
D) Newborns can distinguish among only the sounds that are spoken to them, and they never develop the ability to distinguish among the sounds of all languages. 
A) Newborns can distinguish among only a few sounds, but by 6 months, babies can distinguish among the sounds of all languages. 
B) Newborns can distinguish among the sounds of all languages, but by 6 months, babies lose this ability. 
C) Newborns can distinguish among the sounds of all languages, and this ability is retained throughout life. 
D) Newborns can distinguish among only the sounds that are spoken to them, and they never develop the ability to distinguish among the sounds of all languages.

Question 3

Professor Janes is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be used at a Chinese university. To maximize student learning, how should the flow chart be oriented?

Accepted Answer

A) beginning at the left and moving to the right 
B) beginning at the right and moving to the left 
C) beginning at the top and moving to the bottom 
D) beginning at the bottom and moving to the top 
A) beginning at the left and moving to the right 
B) beginning at the right and moving to the left 
C) beginning at the top and moving to the bottom 
D) beginning at the bottom and moving to the top

Question 4

Which statement best describes the relationship between logic and reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) If people reason, they necessarily use logic. 
B) Logic is a necessary and sufficient cause of reasoning. 
C) Logic is a tool to evaluate reasoning. 
D) Logic frames the parameters in which reasoning can occur. 
A) If people reason, they necessarily use logic. 
B) Logic is a necessary and sufficient cause of reasoning. 
C) Logic is a tool to evaluate reasoning. 
D) Logic frames the parameters in which reasoning can occur.

Question 5

Healthy participants and participants with prefrontal cortex damage played a gambling game in which they selected cards from one of four decks. Two of the decks were associated with large wins and large losses (riskier), and the other two decks were associated with small wins and small losses (safer). At the beginning of the game, all participants chose cards from the four decks equally. With extended play, the healthy participants chose more cards from the _____, whereas the participants with prefrontal cortex damage chose cards from _____.

Accepted Answer

A) safer decks; the riskier decks 
B) safer decks; both sets of decks equally 
C) riskier deck; the safer decks 
D) riskier deck; both sets of decks equally 
A) safer decks; the riskier decks 
B) safer decks; both sets of decks equally 
C) riskier deck; the safer decks 
D) riskier deck; both sets of decks equally

Question 6

People who frequently engage in risky behaviors are extremely insensitive to the _____ of their behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) immediate negative consequences 
B) immediate positive consequences 
C) future consequences 
D) past consequences 
A) immediate negative consequences 
B) immediate positive consequences 
C) future consequences 
D) past consequences

Question 7

A collection of processes located in the human brain that facilitate language learning is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) language acquisition device. 
B) neural syntax mechanism. 
C) internal language generator. 
D) cortical phoneme library. 
A) language acquisition device. 
B) neural syntax mechanism. 
C) internal language generator. 
D) cortical phoneme library.

Question 8

People think that two events are more likely to occur together than either event is likely to occur individually. This is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) conjunction fallacy. 
B) availability bias. 
C) representative heuristic. 
D) sunk-cost fallacy. 
A) conjunction fallacy. 
B) availability bias. 
C) representative heuristic. 
D) sunk-cost fallacy.

Question 9

Which statement about a child's mastery of language is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive mastery develops faster than active mastery. 
B) Active mastery develops faster than passive mastery. 
C) Passive and active mastery develop at the same rate. 
D) Passive mastery develops faster in some cultures, whereas active mastery develops faster in others. 
A) Passive mastery develops faster than active mastery. 
B) Active mastery develops faster than passive mastery. 
C) Passive and active mastery develop at the same rate. 
D) Passive mastery develops faster in some cultures, whereas active mastery develops faster in others.

Question 10

Which statement does NOT distinguish human language from the signaling systems of other species?

Accepted Answer

A) Humans can use language to transmit information to others, whereas animals cannot. 
B) Human language has a far more complex structure than other signaling systems. 
C) Humans, but not other species, can reference intangible items such as concepts. 
D) Human language can be used to describe or categorize things to the thinker using the language. 
A) Humans can use language to transmit information to others, whereas animals cannot. 
B) Human language has a far more complex structure than other signaling systems. 
C) Humans, but not other species, can reference intangible items such as concepts. 
D) Human language can be used to describe or categorize things to the thinker using the language.

Question 11

Behaviorists believe that language learning occurs via all of these processes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) shaping. 
C) biological preparedness. 
D) reinforcement. 
A) extinction. 
B) shaping. 
C) biological preparedness. 
D) reinforcement.

Question 12

If given the choice of one of the four alternatives listed, which of these will the rational person choose?

Accepted Answer

A) 90 percent opportunity to gain $100 
B) 50 percent opportunity to gain $1,000 
C) 40 percent opportunity to gain $2,000 
D) 10 percent opportunity to gain $4,000 
A) 90 percent opportunity to gain $100 
B) 50 percent opportunity to gain $1,000 
C) 40 percent opportunity to gain $2,000 
D) 10 percent opportunity to gain $4,000

Question 13

In the moments before a problem is solved by insight, there is increased activity deep in the frontal lobes, in the part of the brain known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) ventral tegmentum area. 
B) anterior cingulate. 
C) reticular formation. 
D) nucleus accumbens. 
A) ventral tegmentum area. 
B) anterior cingulate. 
C) reticular formation. 
D) nucleus accumbens.

Question 14

There are about _____ human languages, which linguists have grouped into about _____ language families.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,000; 10 
B) 2,000; 20 
C) 4,000; 50 
D) 6,000; 100 
A) 1,000; 10 
B) 2,000; 20 
C) 4,000; 50 
D) 6,000; 100

Question 15

Cindy has pumped over $850,000 into a small business that has consistently lost money every year it has been open. She reasons that she has to continue investing time and money in her business because she's "already put so much into it" (instead of selling the business and cutting her losses). Cindy's reasoning illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) rational economic theory. 
B) the conjunction fallacy. 
C) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
D) the law of demand. 
A) rational economic theory. 
B) the conjunction fallacy. 
C) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
D) the law of demand.

Question 16

According to Gestalt psychologists, insights reflect:

Accepted Answer

A) a spontaneous restructuring of a problem. 
B) a genius level of intelligence. 
C) the outcome of a means-end analysis. 
D) the contributions of incremental unconscious processes. 
A) a spontaneous restructuring of a problem. 
B) a genius level of intelligence. 
C) the outcome of a means-end analysis. 
D) the contributions of incremental unconscious processes.

Question 17

According to prototype theory, if your prototypical bird is a wren, then the best example of a bird is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) bald eagle 
B) ostrich 
C) chicken 
D) robin 
A) bald eagle 
B) ostrich 
C) chicken 
D) robin

Question 18

Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987) gave participants problems that required insightful solutions and problems that could be answered using incremental problem-solving techniques. While attempting to solve problems, they asked the participants to report if they felt they were getting closer to the answer, using a hot-cold scale. Reports that they were getting "warm" predicted the ability to solve:

Accepted Answer

A) insight problems. 
B) non-insight problems. 
C) both insight and non-insight problems. 
D) neither insight nor non-insight problems. 
A) insight problems. 
B) non-insight problems. 
C) both insight and non-insight problems. 
D) neither insight nor non-insight problems.

Question 19

The linguistic relativity hypothesis was first proposed by:

Accepted Answer

A) Benjamin Whorf. 
B) B. F. Skinner. 
C) Noam Chomsky. 
D) Bernard Weiner. 
A) Benjamin Whorf. 
B) B. F. Skinner. 
C) Noam Chomsky. 
D) Bernard Weiner.

Question 20

The gray matter in the _____ lobe is denser in people who are bilingual.

Accepted Answer

A) right temporal 
B) left parietal 
C) left temporal 
D) right parietal 
A) right temporal 
B) left parietal 
C) left temporal 
D) right parietal

Exam 9: Section 2: Language and Thought

The "Aha!" moment that accompanies an insightful solution occurs about one-third of a second after a spike in electrical activity in the:

Which statement about a child's ability to distinguish speech sounds is true?

Professor Janes is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be used at a Chinese university. To maximize student learning, how should the flow chart be oriented?

Which statement best describes the relationship between logic and reasoning?

People who frequently engage in risky behaviors are extremely insensitive to the _____ of their behavior.

A collection of processes located in the human brain that facilitate language learning is called the:

People think that two events are more likely to occur together than either event is likely to occur individually. This is called the:

Which statement about a child's mastery of language is true?

Which statement does NOT distinguish human language from the signaling systems of other species?

Behaviorists believe that language learning occurs via all of these processes EXCEPT:

If given the choice of one of the four alternatives listed, which of these will the rational person choose?

In the moments before a problem is solved by insight, there is increased activity deep in the frontal lobes, in the part of the brain known as the:

There are about _____ human languages, which linguists have grouped into about _____ language families.

According to Gestalt psychologists, insights reflect:

According to prototype theory, if your prototypical bird is a wren, then the best example of a bird is which of the following?

The linguistic relativity hypothesis was first proposed by:

The gray matter in the _____ lobe is denser in people who are bilingual.

Section 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 3: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 4 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 5: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 1: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Section 3: Methods in Psychology

Section 4: Methods in Psychology

Section 5: Methods in Psychology

Section 6: Methods in Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1 : Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 6: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness

Section 2: Consciousness

Section 3: Consciousness

Section 4: Consciousness

Section 5: Consciousness

Section 6: Consciousness

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 6: Memory

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5 : Learning

Section 6: Learning

Section 1: Emotion and Motivation

Section 2: Emotion and Motivation

Section 3: Emotion and Motivation

Section 4: Emotion and Motivation

Section 5: Emotion and Motivation

Section 6: Emotion and Motivation

Section 1: Language and Thought

Section 3: Language and Thought

Section 4: Language and Thought

Section 5: Language and Thought

Section 6: Language and Thought

Section 1: Intelligence

Section 2: Intelligence

Section 3: Intelligence

Section 4 : Intelligence

Section 5: Intelligence

Section 6 : Intelligence

Section 1: Development

Section 2: Development

Section 3: Development

There are about _ human languages, which linguists have grouped into about _ language families.