Chat with AIExam 9: C: Language and Communication
Name and briefly describe the five different elements of language.
(32) 
VerifiedA good answer will be similar to the following:
Phonology-The sounds of language
Morphology-The rules of meaning within the language
Semantics-The study of words and their meaning
Syntax-Rules that specify how words are combined to form sentences
Pragmatics-The study of how people use language to communicate effectively
Your friends Kumi and Hugh have a six-month-old son, Joe. Kumi is a native speaker of Japanese and Hugh is a native speaker of English. They are thinking about raising Joe to be bilingual but they are wondering if there are any benefits or drawbacks to this. What can you tell Kumi and Hugh about the impact of bilingualism on language development?
(36) VerifiedA good answer will be similar to the following: Initially, language development in bilingual children may be slower than that of monolingual children but there are many benefits in the long run. When one- and two-year-olds are reared in a bilingual home, their language development often progresses slowly at first because they mix words from both languages. By three or four years of age, however, children can separate the two languages. During the elementary-school years, most bilingual children have a better understanding of many aspects of language such as understanding fine points of grammar and understanding that words are arbitrary symbols. So, in the long run Joe will not be harmed and should benefit from his bilingual upbringing.
Children sometimes have distinctive styles of learning language. Name and describe two styles of learning language.
(29) VerifiedA good answer will include the following key points:
∙ Referential style-Children with this style of learning language tend to have vocabularies dominated by words that are the names of objects, persons, or actions. They use language primarily as an intellectual tool, a means of talking about objects.
∙ Expressive style-Children with this style have vocabularies that include some names but also many social phrases that are used like a single word. Children with an expressive style use language as more of a social tool, a way of enhancing interactions with others.
Effective communication is important throughout life. Give three guidelines for effective oral communication.
(40) Behaviourist theorists' claim that language is learned strictly through imitation and reinforcement has been challenged by other theorists who propose that an inborn mechanism helps children learn grammar. Give an example of a language phenomenon that behaviourists would have difficulty explaining and describe evidence that supports the notion of an inborn grammar-learning device.
(27) What can adults do during their interactions with children to promote children's language development?
(33) What is infant-directed speech and how is it related to infant language development?
(41) Your friend Angelina wants to know what she can do to stimulate her son Mario's development. What should Angelina do in her interactions with Mario and how should she structure his home environment to maximize his language development?
(39) Your friends Tom and Susan have an 18-month-old daughter, Lynda, who has a vocabulary of approximately 50 words. Almost all of Lynda's words are names of objects, people, or actions. Tom and Susan wonder if this is normal. What can you tell them about the different language-learning styles?
(37) Your sister and brother-in-law have a newborn baby and they are wondering when she will begin talking. They hope that it will occur soon, so they have begun saying mama and dada to their daughter. What can you tell them about the course of language development during the first year of life?
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