Chat with AIExam 8: C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition
Bruno et al (2007) studied the ability of reading disabled children to hear familiar words presented auditorily. Describe the general findings of their study.
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VerifiedBruno et al. (2007) had children with and without reading disabilities listen to the beginning of words (first letter and part of the vowel sound e.g., Feel would be /f/e/). They found that children with reading disabilities need to hear more of the vowel to determine the word than children without reading disabilities. This was especially the case when the final consonant was a lateral or a nasal sound. They concluded that children with reading disabilities have subtle differences in their phonological representations of simple words in long-term memory.
Briefly describe the three components that define a "learning disability."
(37) Verified1) Children who have difficulty mastering an academic area (such as reading or math). 2) Children who have normal intelligence that cannot explain their academic difficulties. 3) Children who are not suffering from other conditions that would explain the academic difficulties, such as sensory impairment or inadequate instruction.
Your friend Clyde would like his five-year-old daughter Bonnie to become a violin virtuoso at a young age. Clyde has seen 12- and 13-year-olds winning national competitions on television and he is wondering what he should do to increase the likelihood that Bonnie will be one of those adolescents in a few short years. What can you tell Clyde about the prerequisites for exceptional talent?
(41) VerifiedA good answer will be similar to the following:
First, children who develop exceptional talent in an area love the subject and have a very strong desire to master the subject. Second, children with exceptional talent began instruction in the given area at an early age and they received instruction from inspiring and talented teachers. Third, the parents of these children are committed to promoting the children's talents. Clyde sounds as if he is committed to supporting Bonnie's talent and he is willing to find inspiring and talented instructors for Bonnie. The critical question is, does Bonnie love to play the violin and does she have a strong desire to master playing the violin. If Bonnie isn't interested, it will be difficult for her to become a virtuoso in spite of Clyde's wishes.
Describe four factors that place individuals at risk for intellectual disability. Do the factors necessarily cause intellectual disabilities? Explain.
(35) Sternberg said that successful intelligence involves three distinct abilities. Name and briefly describe them.
(33) Compare the advantages of group intelligence tests to those of individual intelligence tests.
(34) Your friend Elena has been asked to supervise an intervention program that is aimed at preparing disadvantaged children for school. Some people have objected to the program, claiming that it will be expensive and that it is unlikely to work. Based on the results of other Head Start programs, do you think that intervention will be effective? Is it worth it? Why or why not?
(36) Name and briefly define the nine intelligences in Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
(35) Your friends Andre and Mia are both above average in intelligence and they are concerned that their new daughter Diane will be intelligent also. They want to know what they can do to shape Diane's environment to increase the chances that she will be above average in intelligence. What can you tell them about the effects of heredity and environment on intelligence?
(35) Your friends Bernie and Miriam have a six-month-old daughter, Rachel. Rachel was tested using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and she received a very high score. Bernie and Miriam are convinced that this means Rachel will be gifted when she is older. What can you tell your friends about the relation between infant intelligence test scores and later IQ that might contradict their beliefs?
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