Question 1

School-age children who care for themselves at home alone after school

Accepted Answer

A)  are often fearful. 
B)  become more non-compliant. 
C)  tend to have high levels of dependency. 
D)  can care for themselves safely in the right circumstances. 
A)  are often fearful. 
B)  become more non-compliant. 
C)  tend to have high levels of dependency. 
D)  can care for themselves safely in the right circumstances. D

Question 2

Who is most likely to rely on friends rather than family for emotional support?

Accepted Answer

A)  7-year-old Adam 
B)  10-year-old Abe 
C)  14-year-old Damian 
D)  neither Adam, Abe, nor Damian is likely to rely on friends instead of family 
A)  7-year-old Adam 
B)  10-year-old Abe 
C)  14-year-old Damian 
D)  neither Adam, Abe, nor Damian is likely to rely on friends instead of family C

Question 3

Friendships during adolescence

Accepted Answer

A)  are no different from those of younger children. 
B)  are not as important as friendships in younger children. 
C)  do not place an emphasis on loyalty. 
D)  are characterized by intimacy and trust. 
A)  are no different from those of younger children. 
B)  are not as important as friendships in younger children. 
C)  do not place an emphasis on loyalty. 
D)  are characterized by intimacy and trust. D

Question 4

In ________ play, children organize their play around a distinct theme and take on special roles based on the theme.

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel 
B)  associative 
C)  cooperative 
D)  nonsocial 
A)  parallel 
B)  associative 
C)  cooperative 
D)  nonsocial

Question 5

Popular children are

Accepted Answer

A)  not skilled at initiating social interactions. 
B)  less skillful at communicating. 
C)  unskilled at assessing and monitoring their own social impact. 
D)  good at integrating themselves into an ongoing conversation or play session. 
A)  not skilled at initiating social interactions. 
B)  less skillful at communicating. 
C)  unskilled at assessing and monitoring their own social impact. 
D)  good at integrating themselves into an ongoing conversation or play session.

Question 6

In a group of girls who formed an informal tennis club, the leader of the group is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  Lela, who is the most talkative 
B)  Casey, who is the best tennis player 
C)  Jenny, who is the nicest 
D)  Lacey, who is the strongest 
A)  Lela, who is the most talkative 
B)  Casey, who is the best tennis player 
C)  Jenny, who is the nicest 
D)  Lacey, who is the strongest

Question 7

When children playfully chase, punch, kick, shove, fight, and wrestle with peers, it is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperative play. 
B)  simple social play. 
C)  rough-and-tumble play. 
D)  solitary play. 
A)  cooperative play. 
B)  simple social play. 
C)  rough-and-tumble play. 
D)  solitary play.

Question 8

When dominance hierarchies form in girls' groups, the girls at the top of the hierarchy

Accepted Answer

A)  are the smartest. 
B)  have the skills that are the most valuable to the group. 
C)  are the most intimidating physically. 
D)  are the friendliest. 
A)  are the smartest. 
B)  have the skills that are the most valuable to the group. 
C)  are the most intimidating physically. 
D)  are the friendliest.

Question 9

Economically advantaged neighbourhoods are more likely to have positive effects on children's development because

Accepted Answer

A)  children have less access to good schools in these neighbourhoods. 
B)  children in these neighbourhoods are monitored less by neighbours. 
C)  these neighbourhoods are less likely to contain libraries. 
D)  parents in these neighbourhoods may have less stress and, therefore, more effective parenting. 
A)  children have less access to good schools in these neighbourhoods. 
B)  children in these neighbourhoods are monitored less by neighbours. 
C)  these neighbourhoods are less likely to contain libraries. 
D)  parents in these neighbourhoods may have less stress and, therefore, more effective parenting.

Question 10

Dominic is well-liked by many of his classmates. Dominic would best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  average. 
B)  controversial. 
C)  popular. 
D)  neglected. 
A)  average. 
B)  controversial. 
C)  popular. 
D)  neglected.

Question 11

Interracial friendships

Accepted Answer

A)  are more common when school classes are large. 
B)  occur more often when children attend segregated schools. 
C)  are more common when they are encouraged by teachers. 
D)  are more common when children's neighbourhoods are ethnically diverse. 
A)  are more common when school classes are large. 
B)  occur more often when children attend segregated schools. 
C)  are more common when they are encouraged by teachers. 
D)  are more common when children's neighbourhoods are ethnically diverse.

Question 12

Solitary play

Accepted Answer

A)  indicates a problem if it consists of wandering aimlessly around the room. 
B)  is not a problem if children hover and watch other children play. 
C)  such as drawing, assembling blocks, or solving puzzles is a sign of social maladjustment. 
D)  is always an indication of unhealthy peer relations. 
A)  indicates a problem if it consists of wandering aimlessly around the room. 
B)  is not a problem if children hover and watch other children play. 
C)  such as drawing, assembling blocks, or solving puzzles is a sign of social maladjustment. 
D)  is always an indication of unhealthy peer relations.

Question 13

Peer pressure is most powerful when standards for appropriate behaviour are

Accepted Answer

A)  high. 
B)  moderate. 
C)  low. 
D)  not clear-cut. 
A)  high. 
B)  moderate. 
C)  low. 
D)  not clear-cut.

Question 14

The activity that school-age children do most frequently with peers is

Accepted Answer

A)  noncontact sports. 
B)  acting silly. 
C)  conversing. 
D)  academic activities. 
A)  noncontact sports. 
B)  acting silly. 
C)  conversing. 
D)  academic activities.

Question 15

Interactions with peers begin at approximately ________ of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 months 
B)  6 months 
C)  18 months 
D)  2 years 
A)  2 months 
B)  6 months 
C)  18 months 
D)  2 years

Question 16

Laura and Kyle are sitting next to each other and are drawing pictures. Periodically, they will trade crayons and comment on the other's picture. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel play. 
B)  associative play. 
C)  cooperative play. 
D)  pretend play. 
A)  parallel play. 
B)  associative play. 
C)  cooperative play. 
D)  pretend play.

Question 17

Aggressive behaviour is often characteristic of ________ children.

Accepted Answer

A)  popular 
B)  rejected 
C)  average 
D)  neglected 
A)  popular 
B)  rejected 
C)  average 
D)  neglected

Question 18

Four-year-old Mariana has an imaginary friend. Mariana

Accepted Answer

A)  is an unusual preschooler. 
B)  probably has few real playmates. 
C)  is likely to adjust better during adolescence than preschoolers who don't have imaginary friends. 
D)  has a developmental disorder. 
A)  is an unusual preschooler. 
B)  probably has few real playmates. 
C)  is likely to adjust better during adolescence than preschoolers who don't have imaginary friends. 
D)  has a developmental disorder.

Question 19

Peer groups are most likely to exert influence

Accepted Answer

A)  when the appropriate behaviour is clear and well-defined. 
B)  in subjective areas such as preferences in music and clothing. 
C)  on clearly antisocial behaviours such as stealing. 
D)  in unambiguous situations. 
A)  when the appropriate behaviour is clear and well-defined. 
B)  in subjective areas such as preferences in music and clothing. 
C)  on clearly antisocial behaviours such as stealing. 
D)  in unambiguous situations.

Question 20

For which pair of friends is intimacy most likely to be an important part of their friendship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Timmy and Jordan, 5-year-old boys 
B)  Caitlin and Alyssa, 6-year-old girls 
C)  Lacy and Meredith, 13-year-old girls 
D)  Brad and Michael, 14-year-old boys 
A)  Timmy and Jordan, 5-year-old boys 
B)  Caitlin and Alyssa, 6-year-old girls 
C)  Lacy and Meredith, 13-year-old girls 
D)  Brad and Michael, 14-year-old boys

Exam 14: B: Social Influences

School-age children who care for themselves at home alone after school

Who is most likely to rely on friends rather than family for emotional support?

Friendships during adolescence

In ________ play, children organize their play around a distinct theme and take on special roles based on the theme.

Popular children are

In a group of girls who formed an informal tennis club, the leader of the group is most likely to be

When children playfully chase, punch, kick, shove, fight, and wrestle with peers, it is referred to as

When dominance hierarchies form in girls' groups, the girls at the top of the hierarchy

Economically advantaged neighbourhoods are more likely to have positive effects on children's development because

Dominic is well-liked by many of his classmates. Dominic would best be described as

Interracial friendships

Solitary play

Peer pressure is most powerful when standards for appropriate behaviour are

The activity that school-age children do most frequently with peers is

Interactions with peers begin at approximately ________ of age.

Laura and Kyle are sitting next to each other and are drawing pictures. Periodically, they will trade crayons and comment on the other's picture. This is an example of

Aggressive behaviour is often characteristic of ________ children.

Four-year-old Mariana has an imaginary friend. Mariana

Peer groups are most likely to exert influence

For which pair of friends is intimacy most likely to be an important part of their friendship?

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

B: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

B: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

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