Chat with AIExam 14: C: Social Influences
Your brother is worried because his four-year-old son has an imaginary playmate. What can you tell him about how common or uncommon imaginary playmates are during the preschool years and what is known about children who have imaginary playmates?
(37) 
VerifiedA good answer will be similar to the following:
Your brother needn't worry about the fact that his son has an imaginary playmate. They are quite common during the preschool years. Moreover, having an imaginary playmate is associated with many positive characteristics. Children who have imaginary playmates tend to be more sociable and have more real friends than children who do not have imaginary playmates. So, your brother should enjoy his son's vivid imagination and realize that an imaginary friend at this age is perfectly normal.
Your friend Brad is concerned about his 12-month-old son Phillip's social development. Brad has noticed that Phillip will sit next to another child his own age and each of them will do his own puzzle rather than cooperating on one puzzle together. Occasionally, they will look at each other, smile, and say a word or two. Brad feels that Phillip should be interacting more with his peers. What can you tell Brad about the development of play in toddlers and preschoolers that will alleviate his concerns?
(41) VerifiedA good answer will be similar to the following:
First, Brad should know that Phillip is engaging in parallel play. This type of play is quite common in 12- and 15-month-old children. In parallel play, social interactions are as basic as one child smiling and talking with the other child responding. Around 15 to 18 months, children's social interactions become truly interactive when associative play appears. It isn't until around the second birthday that cooperative play, such as building a tower together with blocks, begins to appear. Throughout the preschool years, parallel play becomes less common and cooperative play becomes more common. So, Brad shouldn't expect to see cooperative play in Phillip for at least another year.
At a recent parent council meeting at your daughter's high school, a group of parents proposed that the school store should sell low-priced condoms to slow down the increasing number of teenage pregnancies in the school. These parents suggested that many students do not use contraceptives because they are too expensive or they don't know how to obtain them. These parents also said that parents can't stop teens from having sex so the teens might as well have contraceptives readily available to them. What can you tell the parent council about programs that are effective in delaying sexual intercourse and increasing the use of contraceptives by teens?
(47) VerifiedA good answer will be similar to the following:
You can tell the parent council that while it is true that some teens do not use contraceptives because they do not know how to obtain them, there are many other factors that are related to sexual activity and the use of contraceptives. For example, teens are more likely to have intercourse when they believe that their friends and parents have positive attitudes about sex. Adolescents may not use contraceptives because they are ignorant of many of the true facts about conception. Comprehensive sex education programs that teach the biological aspects of sex and emphasize responsible sexual behaviour or abstinence are effective in delaying sexual activity and increasing the use of contraceptives when sexual activity does occur. A key element seems to be role-playing sessions where students practise strategies for refusing to have sex.
Name the characteristics typically associated with successful schools.
(39) Describe the characteristics typically associated with (1) popular children and (2) rejected children.
(37) Senator Carver thinks that research on popularity and rejection is a waste of time because children's popularity (or lack of it) has nothing to do with their later development. What can you tell the senator about the long-term effects of popularity and rejection on later development?
(44) Name and describe the characteristics typically associated with successful teachers
(38) Your friend Enrique has a co-worker that he thinks is gay. Enrique said that he thought that his co-worker was gay because the co-worker's mother must have been domineering, and his co-worker could become heterosexual if he really wanted. What can you tell Enrique about the myths surrounding the causes of homosexuality and the role of biology in determining sexual orientation?
(45) Meg worries that her children are overscheduled. What can you tell Meg about teenagers and after-school activities?
(39) 
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