Question 1

Nikolai has achieved a distinct ethnic self-concept. He is in the ________ phase of achieving an ethnic identity.

Accepted Answer

A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third 
D)  fourth 
A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third 
D)  fourth C

Question 2

On Laurel's 16th birthday, her parents gave her a new car and a Conservative Party bumper sticker. Laurel was happy to accept the car but didn't want to display the bumper sticker. She had begun to read and think about different political parties and, although she hadn't yet decided which political party she supported, she didn't want to be a Conservative just because her parents were. In terms of her political beliefs, Laurel appears to be in Marcia's ________ identity status.

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  achievement 
C)  moratorium 
D)  foreclosure 
A)  diffusion 
B)  achievement 
C)  moratorium 
D)  foreclosure C

Question 3

Scholastic competence is measured by how

Accepted Answer

A)  popular or accepted the child feels in social interactions with peers. 
B)  adequate the child feels about behaving the way one is supposed to. 
C)  competent the child feels at sports and games requiring physical skill, athletic ability. 
D)  competent or smart the child feels in doing schoolwork. 
A)  popular or accepted the child feels in social interactions with peers. 
B)  adequate the child feels about behaving the way one is supposed to. 
C)  competent the child feels at sports and games requiring physical skill, athletic ability. 
D)  competent or smart the child feels in doing schoolwork. D

Question 4

Evidence for growing self-awareness between the ages of 18 and 24 months includes the fact that children of this age

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot recognize themselves in a mirror. 
B)  look less at photographs of themselves than at photos of other children. 
C)  do not refer to themselves by name. 
D)  sometimes know their own age and gender. 
A)  cannot recognize themselves in a mirror. 
B)  look less at photographs of themselves than at photos of other children. 
C)  do not refer to themselves by name. 
D)  sometimes know their own age and gender.

Question 5

The most effective and lasting forms of treatment for depression in adolescence emphasize

Accepted Answer

A)  minimizing discussion of the depressive symptoms. 
B)  taking personal responsibility for negative outcomes. 
C)  correcting an imbalance in neurotransmitters. 
D)  cognitive and social skills. 
A)  minimizing discussion of the depressive symptoms. 
B)  taking personal responsibility for negative outcomes. 
C)  correcting an imbalance in neurotransmitters. 
D)  cognitive and social skills.

Question 6

Individuals who have explored alternatives and have deliberately chosen a specific identity are in Marcia's ________ identity status.

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  achievement 
C)  moratorium 
D)  foreclosure 
A)  diffusion 
B)  achievement 
C)  moratorium 
D)  foreclosure

Question 7

Compared to other children, children with low self-esteem

Accepted Answer

A)  are likely to have good relations with peers. 
B)  are more prone to psychological disorders such as depression. 
C)  are less likely to be involved in antisocial behaviour. 
D)  are likely to have good relations with peers 
A)  are likely to have good relations with peers. 
B)  are more prone to psychological disorders such as depression. 
C)  are less likely to be involved in antisocial behaviour. 
D)  are likely to have good relations with peers

Question 8

________ is defined as a person's judgment and feelings about his or her own worth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-concept 
B)  Self-recognition 
C)  Self-esteem 
D)  Self-awareness 
A)  Self-concept 
B)  Self-recognition 
C)  Self-esteem 
D)  Self-awareness

Question 9

Selman's perspective-taking theory is based on assumptions from ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget's 
B)  Vygotsky's 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  social learning 
A)  Piaget's 
B)  Vygotsky's 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  social learning

Question 10

Adolescent egocentrism is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  an inability to understand that others have different perspectives of the world. 
B)  an indifference about what other people think about them. 
C)  a belief that they are the focus of others' thinking. 
D)  having attained identity achievement. 
A)  an inability to understand that others have different perspectives of the world. 
B)  an indifference about what other people think about them. 
C)  a belief that they are the focus of others' thinking. 
D)  having attained identity achievement.

Question 11

Three-year-old Caitlin knows that she and other people can have different thoughts and feelings, but she often confuses the two. Caitlin appears to be in Selman's ________ stage of perspective taking.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reflective 
B)  societal 
C)  social-informational 
D)  undifferentiated 
A)  self-reflective 
B)  societal 
C)  social-informational 
D)  undifferentiated

Question 12

In Selman's ________ stage of perspective-taking, children can step into another's shoes and view themselves as others do.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reflective 
B)  social-informational 
C)  third-person 
D)  societal 
A)  self-reflective 
B)  social-informational 
C)  third-person 
D)  societal

Question 13

Depression among adolescents

Accepted Answer

A)  is caused by higher levels of neurotransmitters. 
B)  is more common in those who tend to blame others for negative outcomes. 
C)  is more common in girls than boys.. 
D)  is unrelated to temperament. 
A)  is caused by higher levels of neurotransmitters. 
B)  is more common in those who tend to blame others for negative outcomes. 
C)  is more common in girls than boys.. 
D)  is unrelated to temperament.

Question 14

Recently, Ramiro has become interested in his ethnic heritage. He has attended some Mexican-American festivals and read some books on the role that Mexican Americans have played in the history of the United States. Ramiro is in which stage of achieving an ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  first stage 
B)  second stage 
C)  third stage 
D)  fourth stage 
A)  first stage 
B)  second stage 
C)  third stage 
D)  fourth stage

Question 15

Anne participates in a study in which she is asked how much statements such as "I'm very good at schoolwork" and "I find it very easy to make friends" apply to her. The study involves measuring

Accepted Answer

A)  perspective-taking. 
B)  stranger anxiety. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  basic and complex emotions. 
A)  perspective-taking. 
B)  stranger anxiety. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  basic and complex emotions.

Question 16

Troy, a college student, is in the achievement status for career. What does that tell you about his identity status for religion and politics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Troy is in the achievement status for religion and politics. 
B)  Troy is not in the achievement status for religion and politics. 
C)  Troy is in the achievement status for religion but not for politics. 
D)  It is not possible to determine Troy's identity status for religion and politics by knowing his identity status for career. 
A)  Troy is in the achievement status for religion and politics. 
B)  Troy is not in the achievement status for religion and politics. 
C)  Troy is in the achievement status for religion but not for politics. 
D)  It is not possible to determine Troy's identity status for religion and politics by knowing his identity status for career.

Question 17

In Marcia's theory, ________ describes individuals who are still examining different alternative identities.

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  foreclosure 
C)  moratorium 
D)  achievement 
A)  diffusion 
B)  foreclosure 
C)  moratorium 
D)  achievement

Question 18

As adolescents progress towards achieving an identity

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescent egocentrism increases while the imaginary audience, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become less common. 
B)  adolescent egocentrism decreases while the imaginary audience, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become more common. 
C)  adolescent egocentrism, the imaginary audience, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become less common. 
D)  adolescent egocentrism, the imaginary audience, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become more common. 
A)  adolescent egocentrism increases while the imaginary audience, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become less common. 
B)  adolescent egocentrism decreases while the imaginary audience, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become more common. 
C)  adolescent egocentrism, the imaginary audience, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become less common. 
D)  adolescent egocentrism, the imaginary audience, personal fables, and the illusion of invulnerability become more common.

Question 19

Adolescents are more likely to reach achievement status when their parents

Accepted Answer

A)  recognize their children's autonomy. 
B)  discourage discussion. 
C)  discourage personal experimentation. 
D)  simply tell them what identity to adopt. 
A)  recognize their children's autonomy. 
B)  discourage discussion. 
C)  discourage personal experimentation. 
D)  simply tell them what identity to adopt.

Question 20

A second-order belief such as "Derek thinks that Amy doesn't like the teacher" is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reflective perspective taking. 
B)  recursive thinking. 
C)  social-informational perspective taking. 
D)  validated thinking. 
A)  self-reflective perspective taking. 
B)  recursive thinking. 
C)  social-informational perspective taking. 
D)  validated thinking.

Exam 11: B: Understanding Self and Others

Nikolai has achieved a distinct ethnic self-concept. He is in the ________ phase of achieving an ethnic identity.

Scholastic competence is measured by how

Evidence for growing self-awareness between the ages of 18 and 24 months includes the fact that children of this age

The most effective and lasting forms of treatment for depression in adolescence emphasize

Individuals who have explored alternatives and have deliberately chosen a specific identity are in Marcia's ________ identity status.

Compared to other children, children with low self-esteem

________ is defined as a person's judgment and feelings about his or her own worth.

Selman's perspective-taking theory is based on assumptions from ________ theory.

Adolescent egocentrism is characterized by

Three-year-old Caitlin knows that she and other people can have different thoughts and feelings, but she often confuses the two. Caitlin appears to be in Selman's ________ stage of perspective taking.

In Selman's ________ stage of perspective-taking, children can step into another's shoes and view themselves as others do.

Depression among adolescents

Recently, Ramiro has become interested in his ethnic heritage. He has attended some Mexican-American festivals and read some books on the role that Mexican Americans have played in the history of the United States. Ramiro is in which stage of achieving an ethnic identity?

Anne participates in a study in which she is asked how much statements such as "I'm very good at schoolwork" and "I find it very easy to make friends" apply to her. The study involves measuring

Troy, a college student, is in the achievement status for career. What does that tell you about his identity status for religion and politics?

In Marcia's theory, ________ describes individuals who are still examining different alternative identities.

As adolescents progress towards achieving an identity

Adolescents are more likely to reach achievement status when their parents

A second-order belief such as "Derek thinks that Amy doesn't like the teacher" is referred to as

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

B: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

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