Chat with AIExam 11: C: Understanding Self and Others
Your friends think there is something wrong with their 16-year-old son. One week he says that he wants to be a rock star and the next he says that he wants to be a pediatrician. Your friends don't think that a normal adolescent can change identities so rapidly. Based on what you know about achieving an identity in adolescence, what can you tell your friends to make them feel better?
(46) 
VerifiedA good answer will be similar to the following:
During early adolescence, most teens either have no identity (diffusion status) or have chosen an identity that is based on advice from adults (foreclosure status). As teens progress through adolescence they begin to "try-on" different identities to see how each one fits (moratorium status). These different identities may be as diverse as rock star and pediatrician. Eventually, during later adolescence or early adulthood, after trying many different identities, one finds an identity that "fits" (achievement status). In other words, you friends' son is acting like other teens his age and he probably won't settle on an identity for a few years yet.
Explain what is meant by the imaginary audience, the personal fable, and the illusion of invulnerability. Give an example of each.
(40) VerifiedA good answer will be similar to the following:
·The imaginary audience is the feeling of many adolescents that they are, in effect, an actor whose performance is watched constantly by their peers. For example, a teenager who got a haircut she didn't like might insist on staying home from school, because she thinks all the kids at school will stare at her funny haircut and make fun of her.
·The personal fable refers to teenagers' tendency to believe that their experiences and feelings are unique, that no one has ever felt or thought as they do. For example, a teenager whose parents didn't allow him to attend a concert with his friends might think his parents are being so unreasonable because they could never understand what it feels like to have to miss out on something all your friends are doing.
·The illusion of invulnerability refers to the common tendency of teenagers to believe that misfortune only happens to others. This might explain the tendency of teenagers to engage in risky behaviours such as driving too fast or having unprotected sex, because they don't think the possible negative consequences of these acts will happen to them.
Suzanne and Devon love their children and want them to feel good about themselves and to be successful. They make a point of telling their children that they are smart and that they are great at every opportunity they get. What advice would you give Suzanne and Devon?
(46) VerifiedGeneral praise for ability can lead the child to view intelligence as "fixed" and to choose easy tasks so that they do not fail. In contrast, changing the praise to refer to the effort the child put into the task "I like how much time you worked on that problem. Good job for trying so hard" leads children to view intelligence as "malleable." This leads to an increase in children's persistence after an apparent setback and also to increased grades.
Describe the three phases that individuals typically go through in attaining ethnic identity.
(35) How do children's descriptions of other people change from childhood to adolescence?
(36) Your friends Frank and Kathie have a young son, Jessie. Frank and Kathie hope that Jessie will grow up feeling good about himself. They are wondering if there is anything that they can do that will increase the chances that Jessie will have high levels of self-esteem. What can you tell Frank and Kathie about the factors that influence self-esteem?
(37) Bigler and Liben (2007) conducted an interesting study on bias and prejudice using T-shirts in a preschool. Briefly describe the study and the results.
(29) Describe the developmental changes in self-esteem that occur over the preschool, elementary, junior high, and high school years.
(28) Name and describe four of the five domains of self-worth measured in Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC). How is global self-worth related to self-worth in the individual domains?
(35) Recently your friends' eight-year-old daughter has made prejudiced comments about members of other racial groups. Your friends don't find this behaviour acceptable and they want to reduce their daughter's prejudice. What advice can you give your friends?
(37) Briefly describe how preschoolers, school-aged children, and adolescents are likely to describe themselves.
(30) Your friends are the parents of a 13-year-old son. They have told you that they are dreading the teen years because adolescence is a time of storm and stress and they aren't sure that they can handle all of the storm and stress that their son will be going through in the next few years. What can you tell them about the facts behind the idea of adolescence as a time of storm and stress?
(42) 
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