Question 1

Who is experiencing disequilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Becky, who is doing much more accommodating than assimilating 
B)  Sandy, who is doing more assimilating than accommodating 
C)  Jane, who is doing equal amounts of assimilating and accommodating 
D)  Carla, who is not doing any assimilating or accommodating 
A)  Becky, who is doing much more accommodating than assimilating 
B)  Sandy, who is doing more assimilating than accommodating 
C)  Jane, who is doing equal amounts of assimilating and accommodating 
D)  Carla, who is not doing any assimilating or accommodating A

Question 2

How is the cognitive functioning of Rachel, an eight-year-old, likely to compare with Bethany, a 16-year-old?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rachel will use less efficient strategies. 
B)  Rachel and Bethany will have the same amount of working memory. 
C)  Rachel will use more automatic processes. 
D)  Bethany will process information more slowly. 
A)  Rachel will use less efficient strategies. 
B)  Rachel and Bethany will have the same amount of working memory. 
C)  Rachel will use more automatic processes. 
D)  Bethany will process information more slowly. A

Question 3

The inability of the young child to grasp the fact that his or her view of the world, both literally and figuratively, may be but one of many is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  animism. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  intellectual realism. 
A)  animism. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  intellectual realism. C

Question 4

Information-processing theorists use a ________ as a model for human cognition.

Accepted Answer

A)  black box 
B)  microsystem 
C)  computer 
D)  macrosystem 
A)  black box 
B)  microsystem 
C)  computer 
D)  macrosystem

Question 5

Professor Garrett tells his class, "Children's cognition develops continuously and gradually. There are no abrupt changes in thought. There are no distinct stages of cognitive development." Professor Garrett sounds most like

Accepted Answer

A)  an information-processing theorist. 
B)  Piaget. 
C)  Kohlberg. 
D)  a psychodynamic theorist. 
A)  an information-processing theorist. 
B)  Piaget. 
C)  Kohlberg. 
D)  a psychodynamic theorist.

Question 6

Which is most like a computer's RAM (Random Access Memory)?

Accepted Answer

A)  a memory strategy 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  sensory memory 
D)  working memory 
A)  a memory strategy 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  sensory memory 
D)  working memory

Question 7

According to Piaget, preschoolers are in the ________ period of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  formal operational 
A)  preoperational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  formal operational

Question 8

Four-year-old Ashton and three-year-old William are each given a false belief task. They have accurate information about where a toy is (they know it is in a toy box), but a girl in a story does not (she thinks the toy is under a bed). If they are asked where the girl in the story will look for the toy

Accepted Answer

A)  they will both say the girl will look in the toy box. 
B)  they will both say the girl will look under the bed. 
C)  Ashton will say the girl will look in the toy box, but William will say she will look under the bed. 
D)  Ashton will say the girl will look under the bed, but William will say she will look in the toy box. 
A)  they will both say the girl will look in the toy box. 
B)  they will both say the girl will look under the bed. 
C)  Ashton will say the girl will look in the toy box, but William will say she will look under the bed. 
D)  Ashton will say the girl will look under the bed, but William will say she will look in the toy box.

Question 9

When children and adolescents are tested on a number of tasks that have the same underlying structure

Accepted Answer

A)  as predicted by Piaget's theory, children's performance is quite consistent across the different tasks. 
B)  as predicted by Piaget's theory, children's performance is inconsistent across the different tasks. 
C)  in contrast to Piaget's theory, children's performance is quite consistent across the different tasks. 
D)  in contrast to Piaget's theory, children's performance is inconsistent across the different tasks. 
A)  as predicted by Piaget's theory, children's performance is quite consistent across the different tasks. 
B)  as predicted by Piaget's theory, children's performance is inconsistent across the different tasks. 
C)  in contrast to Piaget's theory, children's performance is quite consistent across the different tasks. 
D)  in contrast to Piaget's theory, children's performance is inconsistent across the different tasks.

Question 10

According to Piaget, infants do not have a full understanding of object permanence until

Accepted Answer

A)  one month of age. 
B)  six months of age. 
C)  12 months of age. 
D)  18 months of age. 
A)  one month of age. 
B)  six months of age. 
C)  12 months of age. 
D)  18 months of age.

Question 11

Piaget thought children were like

Accepted Answer

A)  little scientists. 
B)  miniature adults. 
C)  blank slates. 
D)  computers. 
A)  little scientists. 
B)  miniature adults. 
C)  blank slates. 
D)  computers.

Question 12

Which of the following is characteristic of formal operational thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  animism 
B)  centration 
C)  deductive reasoning 
D)  reasoning that is limited to the tangible and real 
A)  animism 
B)  centration 
C)  deductive reasoning 
D)  reasoning that is limited to the tangible and real

Question 13

Which infant is using mental symbols?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eric, who is kicking his leg over and over 
B)  Dan, who is squeezing different toys to see if they squeak 
C)  Roger, who is climbing up on a chair to reach a toy on a shelf 
D)  Peter, who is saying "Vrrrrroooommm!" and moving his hand like a car 
A)  Eric, who is kicking his leg over and over 
B)  Dan, who is squeezing different toys to see if they squeak 
C)  Roger, who is climbing up on a chair to reach a toy on a shelf 
D)  Peter, who is saying "Vrrrrroooommm!" and moving his hand like a car

Question 14

Compared to an older child, a younger child is likely to use problem-solving strategies that are

Accepted Answer

A)  faster. 
B)  less efficient. 
C)  more accurate. 
D)  easier. 
A)  faster. 
B)  less efficient. 
C)  more accurate. 
D)  easier.

Question 15

According to information-processing theorists, mental software consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  built-in mental and neural structures. 
B)  sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. 
C)  a limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge. 
D)  specialized strategies that are the basis for performing particular tasks. 
A)  built-in mental and neural structures. 
B)  sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. 
C)  a limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge. 
D)  specialized strategies that are the basis for performing particular tasks.

Question 16

The best way to summarize research that has examined alternative explanations of children's performance on Piagetian tasks would be to say that

Accepted Answer

A)  in almost every instance, Piaget's explanation is strongly supported. 
B)  in many instances, children's performance is better explained using concepts that are not part of Piaget's theory. 
C)  Piaget's description of object permanence must be revised, but his accounts of conservation are strongly supported. 
D)  when Piaget's tasks are modified, they are usually not solved until children are older than the ages predicted by Piaget's theory. 
A)  in almost every instance, Piaget's explanation is strongly supported. 
B)  in many instances, children's performance is better explained using concepts that are not part of Piaget's theory. 
C)  Piaget's description of object permanence must be revised, but his accounts of conservation are strongly supported. 
D)  when Piaget's tasks are modified, they are usually not solved until children are older than the ages predicted by Piaget's theory.

Question 17

Which characteristic of the concrete operational child's thinking allows him or her to solve Piaget's conservation problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  reversible mental operations 
B)  hypothetical thinking 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  animism 
A)  reversible mental operations 
B)  hypothetical thinking 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  animism

Question 18

How do children learn more effective problem-solving strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents and teachers show children more effective strategies. 
B)  Children learn strategies by watching more skilled children. 
C)  Children learn new strategies on their own. 
D)  Children learn new strategies by instruction from others, observation of others, and self-discovery. 
A)  Parents and teachers show children more effective strategies. 
B)  Children learn strategies by watching more skilled children. 
C)  Children learn new strategies on their own. 
D)  Children learn new strategies by instruction from others, observation of others, and self-discovery.

Question 19

Information-processing theorists believe one reason older children outperform younger children cognitively is that older children

Accepted Answer

A)  are less likely to use strategies. 
B)  can process information more slowly. 
C)  have fewer automatic processes. 
D)  use less working memory. 
A)  are less likely to use strategies. 
B)  can process information more slowly. 
C)  have fewer automatic processes. 
D)  use less working memory.

Question 20

If an infant watches while a toy that has been hidden in one location is then hidden in a new location, most 8- to 12-month-olds

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot find the toy. 
B)  cannot decide whether to look for the toy in the old or the new location. 
C)  look for the toy in the old location, indicating that they do not understand that objects exist independently. 
D)  look for the toy in the new location, indicating that they understand that objects exist independently. 
A)  cannot find the toy. 
B)  cannot decide whether to look for the toy in the old or the new location. 
C)  look for the toy in the old location, indicating that they do not understand that objects exist independently. 
D)  look for the toy in the new location, indicating that they understand that objects exist independently.

Exam 6: B: Theories of Cognitive Development

Who is experiencing disequilibrium?

How is the cognitive functioning of Rachel, an eight-year-old, likely to compare with Bethany, a 16-year-old?

The inability of the young child to grasp the fact that his or her view of the world, both literally and figuratively, may be but one of many is known as

Information-processing theorists use a ________ as a model for human cognition.

Professor Garrett tells his class, "Children's cognition develops continuously and gradually. There are no abrupt changes in thought. There are no distinct stages of cognitive development." Professor Garrett sounds most like

Which is most like a computer's RAM (Random Access Memory)?

According to Piaget, preschoolers are in the ________ period of cognitive development.

When children and adolescents are tested on a number of tasks that have the same underlying structure

According to Piaget, infants do not have a full understanding of object permanence until

Piaget thought children were like

Which of the following is characteristic of formal operational thought?

Which infant is using mental symbols?

Compared to an older child, a younger child is likely to use problem-solving strategies that are

According to information-processing theorists, mental software consists of

The best way to summarize research that has examined alternative explanations of children's performance on Piagetian tasks would be to say that

Which characteristic of the concrete operational child's thinking allows him or her to solve Piaget's conservation problem?

How do children learn more effective problem-solving strategies?

Information-processing theorists believe one reason older children outperform younger children cognitively is that older children

If an infant watches while a toy that has been hidden in one location is then hidden in a new location, most 8- to 12-month-olds

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

B: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

B: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

Filters