Question 1

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The ____________ molecule functions as a secondary messenger.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 2

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The ____________ protein binds to calcium ions and serves as a Ca2+ sensor in eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 3

________________ binds to β-andrenergic receptors.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrin

Question 4

Cross-phosphorylation is possible when two receptor proteins with kinase domains:

Accepted Answer

A)  are cleaved. 
B)  form dimers. 
C)  are internalized into organelles. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  are cleaved. 
B)  form dimers. 
C)  are internalized into organelles. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 5

Why is bound GTP considered a "clock"?

Accepted Answer

A)  It behaves in specific time intervals. 
B)  GTP is exchanged for GDP after binding to adenylate cyclase. 
C)  The Gɑ receptors have intrinsic GTPase activity, hydrolyzing GTP to GDP and Pi. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  It behaves in specific time intervals. 
B)  GTP is exchanged for GDP after binding to adenylate cyclase. 
C)  The Gɑ receptors have intrinsic GTPase activity, hydrolyzing GTP to GDP and Pi. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 6

What is meant by an EF hand? Draw or describe the structure.

Accepted Answer

The EF hand is a protein that binds calc

Question 7

What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A proto-oncogene is a normally expressed

Question 8

Example(s) of disease(s) caused by altered G-protein activity include:

Accepted Answer

A)  whooping cough. 
B)  cholera. 
C)  diabetes. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  B and C. 
A)  whooping cough. 
B)  cholera. 
C)  diabetes. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  B and C.

Question 9

What are receptor tyrosine kinases? Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

These are proteins that bind l

Question 10

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The primary messenger responsible for the "fight or flight" response.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 11

Examples of second messengers include:

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP. 
B)  calcium ion. 
C)  diacyl glycerol. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B, and C. 
A)  cAMP. 
B)  calcium ion. 
C)  diacyl glycerol. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B, and C.

Question 12

The enzyme responsible for induction of the phosphoinositide cascade is:

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipase C. 
B)  phospholipase A. 
C)  C-dependent protein (CDP). 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  phospholipase C. 
B)  phospholipase A. 
C)  C-dependent protein (CDP). 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 13

Describe how phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate is converted into two secondary messengers.

Accepted Answer

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate (PI

Question 14

How is the hormone-bound activated receptor reset after activation?

Accepted Answer

The hormone dissociates, and t

Question 15

________________ is a secondary messenger and is abbreviated IP3.

Accepted Answer

Inositol 1

Question 16

What are some of the common structural features of the receptors to which signal molecules bind?

Accepted Answer

The molecule must have a signal-binding

Question 17

When activated, the insulin receptor results in the mobilization of ________________ transporters to the cell surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When activated, the insulin receptor results in...

Question 18

The binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor results in the release of ________________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The binding of IP3 to the IP3...

Question 19

What happens when signaling paths are not terminated properly?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not be able to r

Question 20

What is the general mechanism for signal transmission by 7TM receptors?

Accepted Answer

The receptors "snake" through a membrane

Exam 13: Signal Transduction Pathways

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ molecule functions as a secondary messenger.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ protein binds to calcium ions and serves as a Ca2+ sensor in eukaryotic cells.

________________ binds to β-andrenergic receptors.

Cross-phosphorylation is possible when two receptor proteins with kinase domains:

Why is bound GTP considered a "clock"?

What is meant by an EF hand? Draw or describe the structure.

What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene?

Example(s) of disease(s) caused by altered G-protein activity include:

What are receptor tyrosine kinases? Provide an example.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The primary messenger responsible for the "fight or flight" response.

Examples of second messengers include:

The enzyme responsible for induction of the phosphoinositide cascade is:

Describe how phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate is converted into two secondary messengers.

How is the hormone-bound activated receptor reset after activation?

________________ is a secondary messenger and is abbreviated IP3.

What are some of the common structural features of the receptors to which signal molecules bind?

When activated, the insulin receptor results in the mobilization of ________________ transporters to the cell surface.

The binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor results in the release of ________________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.

What happens when signaling paths are not terminated properly?

What is the general mechanism for signal transmission by 7TM receptors?

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant DNA Techniques

Filters