Question 1

Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells, although they have no cell walls, to have intercellular junctions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them. 
B)  Large molecules, such as proteins and RNA molecules, do not readily get through one, much less two, adjacent cell membranes. 
C)  Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another. 
D)  Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another. 
E)  The relative shapelessness of animal cells requires a mechanism for keeping the cells aligned. 
A)  Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them. 
B)  Large molecules, such as proteins and RNA molecules, do not readily get through one, much less two, adjacent cell membranes. 
C)  Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another. 
D)  Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another. 
E)  The relative shapelessness of animal cells requires a mechanism for keeping the cells aligned.

Question 2

4.2 Art Question
   Table 4.1
-A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C)  The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor-quality images. 
D)  The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens. 
E)  The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source. 
A)  The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C)  The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor-quality images. 
D)  The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens. 
E)  The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria 
B)  chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuoles 
C)  nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts 
D)  vacuoles, ribosomes, nucleus 
E)  nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes 
A)  ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria 
B)  chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuoles 
C)  nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts 
D)  vacuoles, ribosomes, nucleus 
E)  nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 4

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to

Accepted Answer

A)  perform amoeboid movement. 
B)  form cleavage furrows. 
C)  contract muscle fibers. 
D)  extend pseudopodia. 
E)  move vesicles around the cell. 
A)  perform amoeboid movement. 
B)  form cleavage furrows. 
C)  contract muscle fibers. 
D)  extend pseudopodia. 
E)  move vesicles around the cell.

Question 5

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear envelope 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  plasma membrane 
E)  ER 
A)  nuclear envelope 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  plasma membrane 
E)  ER

Question 6

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a static structure. 
B)  Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. 
C)  It has too many vesicles. 
D)  It is not involved in protein synthesis. 
E)  It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope. 
A)  It is a static structure. 
B)  Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. 
C)  It has too many vesicles. 
D)  It is not involved in protein synthesis. 
E)  It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope.

Question 7

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 8

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is

Accepted Answer

A)  a mitochondrion. 
B)  a microtubule. 
C)  a ribosome. 
D)  a microfilament. 
E)  a nuclear pore. 
A)  a mitochondrion. 
B)  a microtubule. 
C)  a ribosome. 
D)  a microfilament. 
E)  a nuclear pore.

Question 9

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  rough ER 
B)  smooth ER 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  nuclear envelope 
E)  transport vesicles 
A)  rough ER 
B)  smooth ER 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  nuclear envelope 
E)  transport vesicles

Question 10

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  sites of energy production in cellular respiration 
B)  membrane proteins 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  cytoskeletal structures 
E)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall 
A)  sites of energy production in cellular respiration 
B)  membrane proteins 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  cytoskeletal structures 
E)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall

Question 11

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplast 
B)  lysosome 
C)  central vacuole 
D)  peroxisome 
E)  glyoxysome 
A)  chloroplast 
B)  lysosome 
C)  central vacuole 
D)  peroxisome 
E)  glyoxysome

Question 12

What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to the tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer. 
B)  Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C)  Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D)  The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size. 
E)  The electron microscope cannot image whole cells at one time. 
A)  The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer. 
B)  Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C)  Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D)  The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size. 
E)  The electron microscope cannot image whole cells at one time.

Question 13

4.2 Art Question
   Table 4.1
-A biologist wants specifically to examine the surfaces of different types of cells in kidney tubules of small mammals. The cells in question can be distinguished by external shape, size, and 3-D characteristics. Which of the following would be the optimum method for her study?

Accepted Answer

A)  transmission electron microscopy 
B)  cell fractionation 
C)  light microscopy using stains specific to kidney function 
D)  light microscopy of living unstained material 
E)  scanning electron microscopy 
A)  transmission electron microscopy 
B)  cell fractionation 
C)  light microscopy using stains specific to kidney function 
D)  light microscopy of living unstained material 
E)  scanning electron microscopy

Question 14

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect to be the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  the loss of all nuclear function 
B)  the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division 
C)  a change in the shape of the nucleus 
D)  failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information 
E)  inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals 
A)  the loss of all nuclear function 
B)  the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division 
C)  a change in the shape of the nucleus 
D)  failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information 
E)  inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals

Question 15

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  rough ER 
B)  lysosomes 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  Golgi vesicles 
E)  free cytoplasmic ribosomes 
A)  rough ER 
B)  lysosomes 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  Golgi vesicles 
E)  free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 16

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

Accepted Answer

A)  view the structure of cell membranes. 
B)  sort cells based on their size and weight. 
C)  determine the size of various organelles. 
D)  separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined. 
E)  separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules. 
A)  view the structure of cell membranes. 
B)  sort cells based on their size and weight. 
C)  determine the size of various organelles. 
D)  separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined. 
E)  separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
C)  Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
D)  In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. 
E)  Prokaryotes contain large pores in their plasma membrane that permit the movement of proteins out of the cell. 
A)  Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
C)  Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
D)  In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. 
E)  Prokaryotes contain large pores in their plasma membrane that permit the movement of proteins out of the cell.

Question 19

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the physical separation of most membranes from each other. 
B)  the transportation of membrane lipids among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. 
C)  the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components. 
D)  the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. 
E)  the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system. 
A)  the physical separation of most membranes from each other. 
B)  the transportation of membrane lipids among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. 
C)  the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components. 
D)  the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. 
E)  the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large variety of proteins into complex aggregates. 
B)  Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). 
C)  Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D)  Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli. 
E)  Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the cytoskeleton. 
A)  The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large variety of proteins into complex aggregates. 
B)  Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). 
C)  Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D)  Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli. 
E)  Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the cytoskeleton.

Exam 4: A Tour of the Cell

Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells, although they have no cell walls, to have intercellular junctions?

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge?

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes?

What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to the tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect to be the most likely immediate consequence?

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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