Question 1

Embryonic lethal mutations result in

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotypes that prevent fertilization. 
B)  failure to express maternal effect genes. 
C)  death during pupation. 
D)  phenotypes that are never born/hatched. 
E)  homeotic phenotype changes. 
A)  phenotypes that prevent fertilization. 
B)  failure to express maternal effect genes. 
C)  death during pupation. 
D)  phenotypes that are never born/hatched. 
E)  homeotic phenotype changes.

Question 2

Let us suppose that someone is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following could still be problematic? I. the possibility that, once introduced into the patient, the iPS cells produce nonpancreatic cells
II) the failure of the iPS cells to take up residence in the pancreas
III) the inability of the iPS cells to respond to appropriate regulatory signals

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II 
E)  all of them 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II 
E)  all of them

Question 3

Which of the following genes map out the basic subdivisions along the anterior-posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  homeotic genes 
B)  segmentation genes 
C)  egg-polarity genes 
D)  morphogens 
E)  inducers 
A)  homeotic genes 
B)  segmentation genes 
C)  egg-polarity genes 
D)  morphogens 
E)  inducers

Question 4

Tumor-suppressor genes

Accepted Answer

A)  are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. 
B)  are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses. 
C)  can encode proteins that promote DNA repair or cell-cell adhesion. 
D)  often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle. 
E)  do all of the above. 
A)  are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. 
B)  are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses. 
C)  can encode proteins that promote DNA repair or cell-cell adhesion. 
D)  often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle. 
E)  do all of the above.

Question 5

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following is a likely finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells from the two sources exhibit different patterns of DNA methylation. 
B)  Adult stem cells have more DNA nucleotides than their counterparts. 
C)  The two kinds of cells have virtually identical gene expression patterns in microarrays. 
D)  The nonstem cells have fewer repressed genes. 
E)  The nonstem cells have lost the promoters for more genes. 
A)  The cells from the two sources exhibit different patterns of DNA methylation. 
B)  Adult stem cells have more DNA nucleotides than their counterparts. 
C)  The two kinds of cells have virtually identical gene expression patterns in microarrays. 
D)  The nonstem cells have fewer repressed genes. 
E)  The nonstem cells have lost the promoters for more genes.

Question 6

Which of the following is most closely identical to the formation of twins?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell cloning 
B)  therapeutic cloning 
C)  use of adult stem cells 
D)  embryo transfer 
E)  organismal cloning 
A)  cell cloning 
B)  therapeutic cloning 
C)  use of adult stem cells 
D)  embryo transfer 
E)  organismal cloning

Question 7

Your brother has just purchased a new plastic model airplane. He places all the parts on the table in approximately the positions in which they will be located when the model is complete. His actions are analogous to which process in development?

Accepted Answer

A)  morphogenesis 
B)  determination 
C)  induction 
D)  differentiation 
E)  pattern formation 
A)  morphogenesis 
B)  determination 
C)  induction 
D)  differentiation 
E)  pattern formation

Question 8

Which of the following statements describes proto-oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their normal function is to suppress tumor growth. 
B)  They are introduced to a cell initially by retroviruses. 
C)  They are produced by somatic mutations induced by carcinogenic substances. 
D)  They can code for proteins associated with cell growth. 
E)  They are underexpressed in cancer cells. 
A)  Their normal function is to suppress tumor growth. 
B)  They are introduced to a cell initially by retroviruses. 
C)  They are produced by somatic mutations induced by carcinogenic substances. 
D)  They can code for proteins associated with cell growth. 
E)  They are underexpressed in cancer cells.

Question 9

Proto-oncogenes can change into oncogenes that cause cancer. Which of the following best explains the presence of these potential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections. 
B)  Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division. 
C)  Proto-oncogenes are genetic "junk." 
D)  Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes. 
E)  Cells produce proto-oncogenes as they age. 
A)  Proto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections. 
B)  Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division. 
C)  Proto-oncogenes are genetic "junk." 
D)  Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes. 
E)  Cells produce proto-oncogenes as they age.

Question 10

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning there is a wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following is a likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of adult stem cells is likely to produce more cell types than use of embryonic stem cells. 
B)  Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells may lead to great medical benefits for many. 
C)  Cloning to produce stem cells relies on a different initial procedure than reproductive cloning. 
D)  A clone that lives until the blastocyst stage does not yet have human DNA. 
E)  No embryos would be destroyed in the process of therapeutic cloning. 
A)  Use of adult stem cells is likely to produce more cell types than use of embryonic stem cells. 
B)  Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells may lead to great medical benefits for many. 
C)  Cloning to produce stem cells relies on a different initial procedure than reproductive cloning. 
D)  A clone that lives until the blastocyst stage does not yet have human DNA. 
E)  No embryos would be destroyed in the process of therapeutic cloning.

Question 11

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are considered to be tumor-suppressor genes because

Accepted Answer

A)  they prevent infection by tumor viruses that cause cancer. 
B)  their normal products participate in repair of DNA damage. 
C)  the mutant forms of either one of these prevent breast cancer. 
D)  the normal genes make estrogen receptors. 
E)  they block penetration of breast cells by chemical carcinogens. 
A)  they prevent infection by tumor viruses that cause cancer. 
B)  their normal products participate in repair of DNA damage. 
C)  the mutant forms of either one of these prevent breast cancer. 
D)  the normal genes make estrogen receptors. 
E)  they block penetration of breast cells by chemical carcinogens.

Question 12

Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  fragmentation of the DNA 
B)  cell-signaling pathways 
C)  activation of cellular enzymes 
D)  lysis of the cell 
E)  digestion of cellular contents by scavenger cells 
A)  fragmentation of the DNA 
B)  cell-signaling pathways 
C)  activation of cellular enzymes 
D)  lysis of the cell 
E)  digestion of cellular contents by scavenger cells

Question 13

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they

Accepted Answer

A)  express different genes. 
B)  contain different genes. 
C)  use different genetic codes. 
D)  have unique ribosomes. 
E)  have different chromosomes. 
A)  express different genes. 
B)  contain different genes. 
C)  use different genetic codes. 
D)  have unique ribosomes. 
E)  have different chromosomes.

Question 14

In animals, embryonic stem cells differ from adult stem cells in that

Accepted Answer

A)  embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells. 
B)  adult stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than embryonic stem cells. 
C)  embryonic stem cells have more genes than adult stem cells. 
D)  embryonic stem cells have fewer genes than adult stem cells. 
E)  embryonic stem cells are localized to specific sites within the embryo, whereas adult stem cells are spread throughout the body. 
A)  embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells. 
B)  adult stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than embryonic stem cells. 
C)  embryonic stem cells have more genes than adult stem cells. 
D)  embryonic stem cells have fewer genes than adult stem cells. 
E)  embryonic stem cells are localized to specific sites within the embryo, whereas adult stem cells are spread throughout the body.

Exam 16: Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Embryonic lethal mutations result in

Which of the following genes map out the basic subdivisions along the anterior-posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo?

Tumor-suppressor genes

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following is a likely finding?

Which of the following is most closely identical to the formation of twins?

Your brother has just purchased a new plastic model airplane. He places all the parts on the table in approximately the positions in which they will be located when the model is complete. His actions are analogous to which process in development?

Which of the following statements describes proto-oncogenes?

Proto-oncogenes can change into oncogenes that cause cancer. Which of the following best explains the presence of these potential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning there is a wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following is a likely explanation?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are considered to be tumor-suppressor genes because

Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they

In animals, embryonic stem cells differ from adult stem cells in that

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

Filters