Exam 21: Operant Conditioning

The way slot machines reward gamblers with money best illustrates

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box. With successive trials, the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed. This illustrates

Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store. At first her mother granted every request, but now she does so less consistently. Research suggests that Della will

Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule. Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle. The sound is a(n)

Janet has almost finished painting a neighbor's house, at which time she'll be paid $2000. The fact that she is increasingly unlikely to quit painting as she nears completion of the job best illustrates that operant behavior is strongly influenced by ________ reinforcers.

Learning that some responses, but not others, will be reinforced is called

You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to

Laurie's thumbsucking has become habitual because she feels less anxious when she sucks her thumb. This best illustrates the process of

Skinner developed a behavioral technology that included a procedure known as

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be considered an important component of effective student instruction involving the use of interactive software?

Which of the following is an example of a respondent behavior?

A response that leads to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus is one being

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of

B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

For Vina, cigarettes reduce feelings of tension and anxiety. Because of her heavy smoking, however, she has a bad morning cough and breathing difficulties. How can the principles of operant conditioning help to explain the development and continuation of Vina's self-defeating smoking habit? Explain the extent to which the reinforcement for Vina's habit is positive or negative, primary or conditioned, immediate or delayed, partial or continuous.

A partial schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses is a ________ schedule.

The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of money as ________ is to ________.