Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is released from a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) GABA 
C) ephinephrine 
D) dopamine 
E) serotonin 
A) acetylcholine 
B) GABA 
C) ephinephrine 
D) dopamine 
E) serotonin

Question 2

Place the following events that occur at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction in the correct order.
 I-Depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane.
II-Generation of an action potential in the neuron.
III-Stimulation of Ca2+ entry into the neuron.
IV-Release of acetylcholine into the synapse.

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,III,IV 
B) III,II,IV,I 
C) I,III,IV,II 
D) IV,II,III,I 
E) II,III,IV,I 
A) I,II,III,IV 
B) III,II,IV,I 
C) I,III,IV,II 
D) IV,II,III,I 
E) II,III,IV,I

Question 3

When acetylcholine stimulates the opening of ligand-gated ion channels on a postsynaptic cell,what is this event called?

Accepted Answer

A) neuromuscular junction 
B) temporal summation 
C) inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) 
D) excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) 
E) synaptic integration 
A) neuromuscular junction 
B) temporal summation 
C) inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) 
D) excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) 
E) synaptic integration

Question 4

The outside of a neuron is positively charged at resting potential.Why don't negative ions exit from the cell to normalize charge across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) The positive charge outside the cell repels negative ions. 
B) There are no negative ions inside the cell. 
C) All of the chloride ions are already outside the cell. 
D) The negative charge inside the cell is carried by large proteins that cannot diffuse through the membrane. 
A) The positive charge outside the cell repels negative ions. 
B) There are no negative ions inside the cell. 
C) All of the chloride ions are already outside the cell. 
D) The negative charge inside the cell is carried by large proteins that cannot diffuse through the membrane.

Question 5

What determines the direction of the voltage change that occurs at the postsynaptic membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) the type of neurotransmitter 
B) the type of second messenger system used 
C) the type(s)of ions that travel through opened channels 
D) the number of ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane 
A) the type of neurotransmitter 
B) the type of second messenger system used 
C) the type(s)of ions that travel through opened channels 
D) the number of ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane

Question 6

When neurons are not producing electrical signals,there is still a voltage difference across their membranes.What is this voltage called?

Accepted Answer

A) channel-gate bias 
B) electrolyte voltage 
C) equilibrium potential 
D) resting potential 
E) ion current 
A) channel-gate bias 
B) electrolyte voltage 
C) equilibrium potential 
D) resting potential 
E) ion current

Question 7

What is the elongated extension of a neuron that nerve impulses travel along?

Accepted Answer

A) axon 
B) cell body 
C) dendrite 
D) oligodendrocyte 
E) synapse 
A) axon 
B) cell body 
C) dendrite 
D) oligodendrocyte 
E) synapse

Question 8

"Synapses are connections between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron,where neurotransmitters transmit a chemical signal." How would you modify this statement to make it more complete? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) The statement needs no modification. 
B) Synapses can also form between an axon and a cell soma. 
C) Neuromuscular synapses form between the axon of a neuron and a muscle. 
D) Synapses often form among the parts of a single cell. 
E) Synapses can be electrical as well as chemical. 
A) The statement needs no modification. 
B) Synapses can also form between an axon and a cell soma. 
C) Neuromuscular synapses form between the axon of a neuron and a muscle. 
D) Synapses often form among the parts of a single cell. 
E) Synapses can be electrical as well as chemical.

Question 9

Which of the following targets is NOT regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscles 
B) cardiac muscles 
C) glands of the body 
D) smooth muscles 
E) none of these 
A) skeletal muscles 
B) cardiac muscles 
C) glands of the body 
D) smooth muscles 
E) none of these

Question 10

What does the Nernst equation allow us to do?

Accepted Answer

A) Predict the function of a specific type of neuron. 
B) Calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion. 
C) Use a computer program to model axonal transmission. 
D) Calculate the magnitude of depolarization during an action potential. 
A) Predict the function of a specific type of neuron. 
B) Calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion. 
C) Use a computer program to model axonal transmission. 
D) Calculate the magnitude of depolarization during an action potential.

Question 11

What diffuses across the narrow synaptic cleft between the presynaptic axon and the postsynaptic cell to transmit a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

A) neurotransmitter 
B) electrical impulse 
C) Na+ ion 
D) vesicle 
E) action potential 
A) neurotransmitter 
B) electrical impulse 
C) Na+ ion 
D) vesicle 
E) action potential

Question 12

Where did information processing become increasingly centered in terrestrial vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A) thalamus 
B) forebrain 
C) midbrain 
D) hindbrain 
E) medulla oblongata 
A) thalamus 
B) forebrain 
C) midbrain 
D) hindbrain 
E) medulla oblongata

Question 13

Which region of the CNS listed below is NOT correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A) Broca's and Wernicke's areas-language and speech 
B) Hypothalamus-regulates body temperature,appetite,and sleep 
C) Cerebellum-relay station for ascending and descending tracts 
D) Corpus callosum-connects the two brain hemispheres 
E) Hippocampus-memory 
A) Broca's and Wernicke's areas-language and speech 
B) Hypothalamus-regulates body temperature,appetite,and sleep 
C) Cerebellum-relay station for ascending and descending tracts 
D) Corpus callosum-connects the two brain hemispheres 
E) Hippocampus-memory

Question 14

Where do correlation,association,and learning occur in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) cerebellum 
B) corpus callosum 
C) medulla 
D) cerebrum 
E) pons 
A) cerebellum 
B) corpus callosum 
C) medulla 
D) cerebrum 
E) pons

Question 15

A patient suffers from a disease that slows fatty acid synthesis.What is a likely impact of this disease on nervous system function?

Accepted Answer

A) improved functioning due to a healthier weight 
B) insufficient myelination and slow axon conduction rate 
C) improved functioning due to better blood flow 
D) weaker action potentials with smaller depolarization 
A) improved functioning due to a healthier weight 
B) insufficient myelination and slow axon conduction rate 
C) improved functioning due to better blood flow 
D) weaker action potentials with smaller depolarization

Question 16

How do somatic neurons and autonomic neurons differ? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Somatic neurons innervate the body surface,while autonomic neurons innervate internal structures. 
B) Somatic neurons control skeletal muscle,while autonomic neurons control smooth and cardiac muscle. 
C) Somatic neurons control exocrine glands,while autonomic neurons do not. 
D) Somatic neurons control their effectors directly,while autonomic neurons use a series of neurons. 
E) Somatic neurons are always excitatory,while autonomic neurons may be either excitatory or inhibitory. 
A) Somatic neurons innervate the body surface,while autonomic neurons innervate internal structures. 
B) Somatic neurons control skeletal muscle,while autonomic neurons control smooth and cardiac muscle. 
C) Somatic neurons control exocrine glands,while autonomic neurons do not. 
D) Somatic neurons control their effectors directly,while autonomic neurons use a series of neurons. 
E) Somatic neurons are always excitatory,while autonomic neurons may be either excitatory or inhibitory.

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics are true for an action potential?
 I-A threshold potential must be exceeded for an action potential to occur.
II-A stimulus either produces a full action potential or none at all.
III-During the refractory period it is less likely that stimuli can produce another action potential.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III 
E) I,II,and III 
A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III 
E) I,II,and III

Question 18

Is the resting membrane potential of a neuron closer to the equilibrium potential for K+ or Na+?

Accepted Answer

A) K+ 
B) Na+ 
C) It is an average of the two. 
A) K+ 
B) Na+ 
C) It is an average of the two.

Question 19

neurons are the only electrically-active cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Damage to the substantia nigra,a specific region of the basal ganglia,can produce the resting muscle tremors characteristic of what disease?

Accepted Answer

A) epilepsy 
B) Parkinson disease 
C) seizures 
D) Alzheimer disease 
E) insomnia 
A) epilepsy 
B) Parkinson disease 
C) seizures 
D) Alzheimer disease 
E) insomnia

Exam 42: The Nervous System

Which neurotransmitter is released from a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction?

Place the following events that occur at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction in the correct order. I-Depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane. II-Generation of an action potential in the neuron. III-Stimulation of Ca2+ entry into the neuron. IV-Release of acetylcholine into the synapse.

When acetylcholine stimulates the opening of ligand-gated ion channels on a postsynaptic cell,what is this event called?

The outside of a neuron is positively charged at resting potential.Why don't negative ions exit from the cell to normalize charge across the membrane?

What determines the direction of the voltage change that occurs at the postsynaptic membrane?

When neurons are not producing electrical signals,there is still a voltage difference across their membranes.What is this voltage called?

What is the elongated extension of a neuron that nerve impulses travel along?

"Synapses are connections between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron,where neurotransmitters transmit a chemical signal." How would you modify this statement to make it more complete? (Check all that apply.)

Which of the following targets is NOT regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

What does the Nernst equation allow us to do?

What diffuses across the narrow synaptic cleft between the presynaptic axon and the postsynaptic cell to transmit a nerve impulse?

Where did information processing become increasingly centered in terrestrial vertebrates?

Which region of the CNS listed below is NOT correctly paired with its function?

Where do correlation,association,and learning occur in the brain?

A patient suffers from a disease that slows fatty acid synthesis.What is a likely impact of this disease on nervous system function?

How do somatic neurons and autonomic neurons differ? (Check all that apply.)

Is the resting membrane potential of a neuron closer to the equilibrium potential for K+ or Na+?

neurons are the only electrically-active cells.

Damage to the substantia nigra,a specific region of the basal ganglia,can produce the resting muscle tremors characteristic of what disease?

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Place the following events that occur at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction in the correct order. I-Depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane. II-Generation of an action potential in the neuron. III-Stimulation of Ca²⁺ entry into the neuron. IV-Release of acetylcholine into the synapse.

Is the resting membrane potential of a neuron closer to the equilibrium potential for K⁺ or Na⁺?