Question 1

The myoglobin protein,which carries oxygen in muscle cells,has only the first three levels of protein structure.What can you infer about myoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) Myoglobin lacks hydrogen bonds 
B) Myoglobin is made of nucleic acids 
C) Myoglobin is not helical or pleated 
D) Myoglobin is made of only one polypeptide chain 
A) Myoglobin lacks hydrogen bonds 
B) Myoglobin is made of nucleic acids 
C) Myoglobin is not helical or pleated 
D) Myoglobin is made of only one polypeptide chain

Question 2

Seth ordered lobster at a restaurant and realized that the outer shell was made of a tough carbohydrate similar to that used to make the carapace of a cockroach.What do you think the outer shell of the lobster is made of?

Accepted Answer

A) Fibrin 
B) Cellulose 
C) Glycogen 
D) Chitin 
E) Amylopectin 
A) Fibrin 
B) Cellulose 
C) Glycogen 
D) Chitin 
E) Amylopectin

Question 3

At the pH of most bodily fluids,which functional group will lose a proton and which functional group will accept a proton?

Accepted Answer

A) sulfhydryl; carbonyl 
B) Hydroxyl; amino 
C) amino; carboxyl 
D) carboxyl; amino 
E) carbonyl; Hydroxyl 
A) sulfhydryl; carbonyl 
B) Hydroxyl; amino 
C) amino; carboxyl 
D) carboxyl; amino 
E) carbonyl; Hydroxyl

Question 4

Acyclovir is an antiviral chemical that resembles a nucleotide but lacks a 3' OH group and cannot form phosphodiester bonds.Why is Acyclovir useful in treating some viral infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Acyclovir stops viral protein synthesis. 
B) Acyclovir halts viral DNA replication. 
C) Acyclovir blocks the assembly of viral cell capsules. 
D) Acyclovir hydrolyzes viral polysaccharides. 
A) Acyclovir stops viral protein synthesis. 
B) Acyclovir halts viral DNA replication. 
C) Acyclovir blocks the assembly of viral cell capsules. 
D) Acyclovir hydrolyzes viral polysaccharides.

Question 5

The types of bonds found in nucleic acids are:

Accepted Answer

A) phosphodiester bonds. 
B) peptide bonds. 
C) ionic bonds. 
D) nonpolar covalent bonds. 
A) phosphodiester bonds. 
B) peptide bonds. 
C) ionic bonds. 
D) nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 6

The information storage molecules of cells are called:

Accepted Answer

A) proteins. 
B) phospholipids. 
C) enzymes. 
D) hormones. 
E) nucleic acids. 
A) proteins. 
B) phospholipids. 
C) enzymes. 
D) hormones. 
E) nucleic acids.

Question 7

A polymer with the sequence 5' ACGTACGAATAG 3' is a:

Accepted Answer

A) protein. 
B) piece of RNA. 
C) piece of DNA. 
D) polysaccharide. 
A) protein. 
B) piece of RNA. 
C) piece of DNA. 
D) polysaccharide.

Question 8

The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) protein. 
B) nucleic acid. 
C) enzyme 
D) lipid. 
E) carbohydrate. 
A) protein. 
B) nucleic acid. 
C) enzyme 
D) lipid. 
E) carbohydrate.

Question 9

What type of monomer does ATP represent?

Accepted Answer

A) monosaccharide 
B) amino acid 
C) nucleotide 
D) fatty acid 
E) glycerol 
A) monosaccharide 
B) amino acid 
C) nucleotide 
D) fatty acid 
E) glycerol

Question 10

Proteins are created with:

Accepted Answer

A) phosphodiester bonds. 
B) peptide bonds. 
C) triglycerides. 
D) polysaccharides. 
A) phosphodiester bonds. 
B) peptide bonds. 
C) triglycerides. 
D) polysaccharides.

Question 11

This is a nucleotide containing molecule that is commonly used to carry electrons in the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) ADP 
B) ATP 
C) NAD+ 
D) pyruvic acid 
A) ADP 
B) ATP 
C) NAD+ 
D) pyruvic acid

Question 12

A double stranded DNA strand contains 26 pyrimidines.How many purines will the copied strand contain?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 13 
C) 26 
D) 52 
A) 0 
B) 13 
C) 26 
D) 52

Question 13

Fructose and galactose both have six carbon atoms,twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms,just like glucose.A friend of yours says: "Since those sugars have the same number of atoms,they should have the same name." You answer: "While they do have the same number and type of atoms,

Accepted Answer

A) they are all polysaccharides and have slightly different functions within organisms and therefore have different names." 
B) they are named differently because of their quaternary structures,which is very important in carbohydrates,especially glucose." 
C) they are named differently because when heated above their optimal temperature they become denatured and will not react with their substrates." 
D) they are named differently because they are involved in different DNA nucleotide formation." 
E) they are named differently because they are alternate forms of the monosaccharide,glucose." 
A) they are all polysaccharides and have slightly different functions within organisms and therefore have different names." 
B) they are named differently because of their quaternary structures,which is very important in carbohydrates,especially glucose." 
C) they are named differently because when heated above their optimal temperature they become denatured and will not react with their substrates." 
D) they are named differently because they are involved in different DNA nucleotide formation." 
E) they are named differently because they are alternate forms of the monosaccharide,glucose."

Question 14

This type of lipid is found in pigments such as chlorophyll,in the visual pigment retinal,and in rubber:

Accepted Answer

A) phospholipid. 
B) terpene. 
C) steroid. 
D) prostaglandin. 
E) wax. 
A) phospholipid. 
B) terpene. 
C) steroid. 
D) prostaglandin. 
E) wax.

Question 15

Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group,an amino group,a carbon containing group,and a hydrogen atom are called:

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) enzymes. 
D) peptides. 
E) nucleotides. 
A) amino acids. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) enzymes. 
D) peptides. 
E) nucleotides.

Question 16

Which amino acid is most soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A) Serine 
B) Valine 
C) Glycine 
D) Leucine 
A) Serine 
B) Valine 
C) Glycine 
D) Leucine

Question 17

Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin.When you fry an egg,why does the egg white turn from clear to white?

Accepted Answer

A) The protein becomes dissociated. 
B) The protein acquires tertiary structure. 
C) The protein becomes denatured. 
D) The protein becomes dehydrated. 
A) The protein becomes dissociated. 
B) The protein acquires tertiary structure. 
C) The protein becomes denatured. 
D) The protein becomes dehydrated.

Question 18

α-glucose is present in potatoes and β-glucose is present in wood.Both are glucose molecules but one can be used by humans to synthesize ATP and one cannot.Based on this information,what is the best explanation on why humans can only digest one of the glucose types?

Accepted Answer

A) α-glucose is C6H12O6 and β-glucose is C5H12O6. 
B) α-glucose and β-glucose are stereoisomers with OH groups oriented differently. 
C) Only α-glucose can form polysaccharides. 
D) α-glucose is a chain and β-glucose is a ring. 
A) α-glucose is C6H12O6 and β-glucose is C5H12O6. 
B) α-glucose and β-glucose are stereoisomers with OH groups oriented differently. 
C) Only α-glucose can form polysaccharides. 
D) α-glucose is a chain and β-glucose is a ring.

Question 19

The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is:

Accepted Answer

A) adenine 
B) cytosine 
C) guanine 
D) thymine 
E) uracil 
A) adenine 
B) cytosine 
C) guanine 
D) thymine 
E) uracil

Question 20

The digestive enzyme pepsin works in the acidic environment of the stomach to hydrolyze peptide bonds.As a result,pepsin affects which macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate 
B) protein 
C) DNA 
D) lipid 
A) carbohydrate 
B) protein 
C) DNA 
D) lipid

Exam 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

The myoglobin protein,which carries oxygen in muscle cells,has only the first three levels of protein structure.What can you infer about myoglobin?

Seth ordered lobster at a restaurant and realized that the outer shell was made of a tough carbohydrate similar to that used to make the carapace of a cockroach.What do you think the outer shell of the lobster is made of?

At the pH of most bodily fluids,which functional group will lose a proton and which functional group will accept a proton?

Acyclovir is an antiviral chemical that resembles a nucleotide but lacks a 3' OH group and cannot form phosphodiester bonds.Why is Acyclovir useful in treating some viral infections?

The types of bonds found in nucleic acids are:

The information storage molecules of cells are called:

A polymer with the sequence 5' ACGTACGAATAG 3' is a:

The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a(n):

What type of monomer does ATP represent?

Proteins are created with:

This is a nucleotide containing molecule that is commonly used to carry electrons in the cell.

A double stranded DNA strand contains 26 pyrimidines.How many purines will the copied strand contain?

Fructose and galactose both have six carbon atoms,twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms,just like glucose.A friend of yours says: "Since those sugars have the same number of atoms,they should have the same name." You answer: "While they do have the same number and type of atoms,

This type of lipid is found in pigments such as chlorophyll,in the visual pigment retinal,and in rubber:

Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl group,an amino group,a carbon containing group,and a hydrogen atom are called:

Which amino acid is most soluble in water?

Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin.When you fry an egg,why does the egg white turn from clear to white?

α-glucose is present in potatoes and β-glucose is present in wood.Both are glucose molecules but one can be used by humans to synthesize ATP and one cannot.Based on this information,what is the best explanation on why humans can only digest one of the glucose types?

The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is:

The digestive enzyme pepsin works in the acidic environment of the stomach to hydrolyze peptide bonds.As a result,pepsin affects which macromolecule?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

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