Question 1

Which of the following reactions is a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) A + H2O → B + C 
B) A + B → C + H2O 
C) A + B + H2O → C 
D) A → B + C+ H2O 
A) A + H2O → B + C 
B) A + B → C + H2O 
C) A + B + H2O → C 
D) A → B + C+ H2O

Question 2

Denaturation disrupts the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins.However,denaturation is not strong enough to disrupt what interaction that is relevant to protein structure?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonds 
B) ionic bonds 
C) van der Waals attraction 
D) hydrophobic exclusion 
E) peptide bonds 
A) hydrogen bonds 
B) ionic bonds 
C) van der Waals attraction 
D) hydrophobic exclusion 
E) peptide bonds

Question 3

Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called:

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids. 
B) amino acids. 
C) nucleotides. 
D) phosphate groups. 
E) monosaccharides. 
A) fatty acids. 
B) amino acids. 
C) nucleotides. 
D) phosphate groups. 
E) monosaccharides.

Question 4

You recently identified a novel protein that contains several membrane-spanning domains.You would predict that the amino acids embedded in the membrane would have ________ side groups.

Accepted Answer

A) nonpolar 
B) polar uncharged 
C) positively charged 
D) negatively charged 
A) nonpolar 
B) polar uncharged 
C) positively charged 
D) negatively charged

Question 5

Yogurt contains galactose and glucose,which are generated when bacterial enzymes act on milk sugars.What is the main source of the galactose in yogurt?

Accepted Answer

A) Maltose 
B) Sucrose 
C) Lactose 
D) Fructose 
E) Glycogen 
A) Maltose 
B) Sucrose 
C) Lactose 
D) Fructose 
E) Glycogen

Question 6

You label cells with a radioactive isotope of sulfur (35S).The only molecules that would be radioactively labeled in these cells are:

Accepted Answer

A) Lipids 
B) Proteins 
C) Carbohydrates 
D) Nucleic acids 
A) Lipids 
B) Proteins 
C) Carbohydrates 
D) Nucleic acids

Question 7

A monosaccharide that plays an important role in energy storage is a six-carbon sugar called:

Accepted Answer

A) galactose. 
B) lactose. 
C) cellulose. 
D) glucose. 
E) sucrose. 
A) galactose. 
B) lactose. 
C) cellulose. 
D) glucose. 
E) sucrose.

Question 8

Cellulose is composed of monomers of:

Accepted Answer

A) ribose 
B) deoxyribose 
C) α-glucose 
D) β-glucose 
A) ribose 
B) deoxyribose 
C) α-glucose 
D) β-glucose

Question 9

L-lysine is an essential amino acid and must be supplied in the diet.By comparison,the stereoisomer D-lysine is not biologically active.Why can your body only utilize one form?

Accepted Answer

A) Since the L form and D form are enantiomers,they will bind together and inhibit utilization of the D form. 
B) Since the L form and D form are chiral molecules,they will bind together and inhibit utilization of the D form. 
C) Antibodies recognize the D form and destroy it before your body can use it for nutritional purposes. 
D) Enzymes can only recognize a single,specific stereoisomer. 
A) Since the L form and D form are enantiomers,they will bind together and inhibit utilization of the D form. 
B) Since the L form and D form are chiral molecules,they will bind together and inhibit utilization of the D form. 
C) Antibodies recognize the D form and destroy it before your body can use it for nutritional purposes. 
D) Enzymes can only recognize a single,specific stereoisomer.

Question 10

Phospholipids are made up of:

Accepted Answer

A) a glycerol and three fatty acids. 
B) four fused carbon rings. 
C) a phosphate,two fatty acids and a glycerol. 
D) five-carbon rings with two nonpolar tails. 
A) a glycerol and three fatty acids. 
B) four fused carbon rings. 
C) a phosphate,two fatty acids and a glycerol. 
D) five-carbon rings with two nonpolar tails.

Question 11

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds in a ________

Accepted Answer

A) phospholipid. 
B) nucleic acid. 
C) polysaccharide. 
D) polypeptide. 
E) starch. 
A) phospholipid. 
B) nucleic acid. 
C) polysaccharide. 
D) polypeptide. 
E) starch.

Question 12

Sudan IV,a dye that binds to nonpolar molecules,is used to detect the presence of macromolecules in food.Sudan IV would test positive in the presence of what macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

A) Starch 
B) DNA 
C) Chitin 
D) Hemoglobin 
E) Fats 
A) Starch 
B) DNA 
C) Chitin 
D) Hemoglobin 
E) Fats

Question 13

Carbohydrates are polymers formed of structural units called:

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) nucleotides. 
D) glycerols. 
E) monosaccharides. 
A) amino acids. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) nucleotides. 
D) glycerols. 
E) monosaccharides.

Question 14

Benedict's reagent is a chemical that is used as a test for the presence of a free aldehyde functional group on glucose.The aldehyde is used when glucose and fructose bind together to form sucrose,and the Benedict's test is negative.Starch contains a great deal of glucose but gives a negative Benedict's test because:

Accepted Answer

A) all of the aldehyde groups on the starch are oxidized and cannot react with the Benedict's reagent. 
B) starch is not soluble in water and cannot react with Benedict's reagent. 
C) glucose in starch has lost a carbon atom and cannot react with Benedict's reagent. 
D) only the glucose at the end of a chain of starch will have an exposed aldehyde functional group to react with Benedict's reagent. 
A) all of the aldehyde groups on the starch are oxidized and cannot react with the Benedict's reagent. 
B) starch is not soluble in water and cannot react with Benedict's reagent. 
C) glucose in starch has lost a carbon atom and cannot react with Benedict's reagent. 
D) only the glucose at the end of a chain of starch will have an exposed aldehyde functional group to react with Benedict's reagent.

Question 15

How many water molecules are produced during the formation of a triglyceride from fatty acids and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4

Question 16

If all functional groups are removed from an organic molecule,leaving only a hydrocarbon chain,the molecule becomes a:

Accepted Answer

A) Lipid 
B) Carbohydrate 
C) Protein 
D) Nucleic acid 
A) Lipid 
B) Carbohydrate 
C) Protein 
D) Nucleic acid

Question 17

Humans are unable to get metabolic energy from cellulose because:

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose contains very little chemical energy. 
B) cellulose is not part of a normal diet. 
C) cellulose digesting enzymes are absent from the human gut. 
D) cellulose does not taste good. 
E) cellulose is present in large quantities in the gut. 
A) cellulose contains very little chemical energy. 
B) cellulose is not part of a normal diet. 
C) cellulose digesting enzymes are absent from the human gut. 
D) cellulose does not taste good. 
E) cellulose is present in large quantities in the gut.

Question 18

DNA and RNA contain functional units known as:

Accepted Answer

A) peptides. 
B) enzymes. 
C) amino acids. 
D) nucleotides. 
E) fatty acids. 
A) peptides. 
B) enzymes. 
C) amino acids. 
D) nucleotides. 
E) fatty acids.

Question 19

Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood and consists of a chain of 146 amino acids.How many different types of amino acids are used to construct proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 20 
C) 146 
D) 200 
A) 2 
B) 20 
C) 146 
D) 200

Question 20

A bobcat is feeding on a white-tailed deer.It first eats the liver,which is rich in stored sugars.In what form would sugar be stored in the deer's liver?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose 
B) Maltose 
C) Glycogen 
D) Amylose 
E) Cellulose 
A) Glucose 
B) Maltose 
C) Glycogen 
D) Amylose 
E) Cellulose

Exam 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Which of the following reactions is a hydrolysis reaction?

Denaturation disrupts the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins.However,denaturation is not strong enough to disrupt what interaction that is relevant to protein structure?

Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called:

You recently identified a novel protein that contains several membrane-spanning domains.You would predict that the amino acids embedded in the membrane would have ________ side groups.

Yogurt contains galactose and glucose,which are generated when bacterial enzymes act on milk sugars.What is the main source of the galactose in yogurt?

You label cells with a radioactive isotope of sulfur (35S).The only molecules that would be radioactively labeled in these cells are:

A monosaccharide that plays an important role in energy storage is a six-carbon sugar called:

Cellulose is composed of monomers of:

L-lysine is an essential amino acid and must be supplied in the diet.By comparison,the stereoisomer D-lysine is not biologically active.Why can your body only utilize one form?

Phospholipids are made up of:

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds in a ________

Sudan IV,a dye that binds to nonpolar molecules,is used to detect the presence of macromolecules in food.Sudan IV would test positive in the presence of what macromolecule?

Carbohydrates are polymers formed of structural units called:

How many water molecules are produced during the formation of a triglyceride from fatty acids and glycerol?

If all functional groups are removed from an organic molecule,leaving only a hydrocarbon chain,the molecule becomes a:

Humans are unable to get metabolic energy from cellulose because:

DNA and RNA contain functional units known as:

Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood and consists of a chain of 146 amino acids.How many different types of amino acids are used to construct proteins?

A bobcat is feeding on a white-tailed deer.It first eats the liver,which is rich in stored sugars.In what form would sugar be stored in the deer's liver?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

Filters

You label cells with a radioactive isotope of sulfur (³⁵S).The only molecules that would be radioactively labeled in these cells are: