Question 1

In a relaxed skeletal muscle,actin is bound to

Accepted Answer

A) myosin only. 
B) troponin only. 
C) tropomyosin and troponin only. 
D) tropomyosin,troponin,and myosin. 
A) myosin only. 
B) troponin only. 
C) tropomyosin and troponin only. 
D) tropomyosin,troponin,and myosin.

Question 2

Curare,a substance that blocks the acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle,will cause

Accepted Answer

A) rapid muscle twitches. 
B) sustained muscle contraction (tetanus). 
C) muscle relaxation. 
D) no effect in the absence of acetylcholinesterase. 
A) rapid muscle twitches. 
B) sustained muscle contraction (tetanus). 
C) muscle relaxation. 
D) no effect in the absence of acetylcholinesterase.

Question 3

Animal behavior that includes searching for,capturing,and eating food is known as

Accepted Answer

A) innate behavior. 
B) foraging. 
C) imprinting. 
D) altruistic behavior. 
A) innate behavior. 
B) foraging. 
C) imprinting. 
D) altruistic behavior.

Question 4

The hydrostatic skeleton of the earthworm allows it to move around in its environment by

Accepted Answer

A) walking on its limbs. 
B) crawling with its feet. 
C) swimming. 
D) using peristaltic contractions of its circular and longitudinal muscles. 
E) alternating contractions and relaxations of its smooth muscle. 
A) walking on its limbs. 
B) crawling with its feet. 
C) swimming. 
D) using peristaltic contractions of its circular and longitudinal muscles. 
E) alternating contractions and relaxations of its smooth muscle.

Question 5

The muscles of a recently deceased animal can remain in a contracted state,termed rigor mortis,for several hours due to the lack of

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylated myosin. 
B) ATP needed to break actin-myosin bonds. 
C) calcium ions needed to bind to troponin. 
D) oxygen supplies needed for myoglobin. 
E) sodium ions needed to fire action potentials. 
A) phosphorylated myosin. 
B) ATP needed to break actin-myosin bonds. 
C) calcium ions needed to bind to troponin. 
D) oxygen supplies needed for myoglobin. 
E) sodium ions needed to fire action potentials.

Question 6

While at a zoo,you notice that a male peacock is larger and more ornamental compared with a female peacock.Even without observing their mating habits,you can probably conclude that peacocks are

Accepted Answer

A) polygamous. 
B) monogamous. 
C) polyandrous. 
D) promiscuous. 
A) polygamous. 
B) monogamous. 
C) polyandrous. 
D) promiscuous.

Question 7

What do skeletal,cardiac,and smooth muscle have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) A bands and I bands 
B) transverse tubules 
C) gap junctions 
D) motor units 
E) thick and thin filaments 
A) A bands and I bands 
B) transverse tubules 
C) gap junctions 
D) motor units 
E) thick and thin filaments

Question 8

Animals that help other animals of the same species

Accepted Answer

A) have excess energy reserves. 
B) are bigger and stronger than the other animals. 
C) are usually related to the other animals. 
D) are always male. 
A) have excess energy reserves. 
B) are bigger and stronger than the other animals. 
C) are usually related to the other animals. 
D) are always male.

Question 9

Skeletal muscle contraction begins when calcium ions bind to

Accepted Answer

A) myosin. 
B) actin. 
C) tropomyosin. 
D) troponin. 
A) myosin. 
B) actin. 
C) tropomyosin. 
D) troponin.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber?
1)Tropomyosin moves and uncovers the cross-bridge binding sites.
2)Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex.
3)Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4)The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP.
5)An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine,which depolarizes the muscle cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B) 2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 
C) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5 
D) 5 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
A) 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B) 2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 
C) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5 
D) 5 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4

Question 11

One way to understand how early environment influences differing behaviors in similar species is through the "cross-fostering" experimental technique.Suppose the curly-whiskered mud rat differs from the bald mud rat in several ways,including being much more aggressive.How would you set up a cross-fostering experiment to determine if environment plays a role in the curly-whiskered mud rat's aggression?

Accepted Answer

A) You would cross curly-whiskered mud rats and bald mud rats,and hand-rear the offspring to see if any grew up to be aggressive. 
B) You would place newborn curly-whiskered mud rats with bald mud rat parents,place newborn bald mud rats with curly-whiskered mud rat parents,and let some mud rats of both species be raised by their own species.Then you would compare the outcomes. 
C) You would remove the offspring of curly-whiskered mud rats and bald mud rats from their parents,raise them in the same environment,and then compare the outcomes. 
D) You would see if curly-whiskered mud rats bred true for aggression. 
E) You would replace normal newborn mud rats with deformed newborn mud rats to see if it triggered an altruistic response. 
A) You would cross curly-whiskered mud rats and bald mud rats,and hand-rear the offspring to see if any grew up to be aggressive. 
B) You would place newborn curly-whiskered mud rats with bald mud rat parents,place newborn bald mud rats with curly-whiskered mud rat parents,and let some mud rats of both species be raised by their own species.Then you would compare the outcomes. 
C) You would remove the offspring of curly-whiskered mud rats and bald mud rats from their parents,raise them in the same environment,and then compare the outcomes. 
D) You would see if curly-whiskered mud rats bred true for aggression. 
E) You would replace normal newborn mud rats with deformed newborn mud rats to see if it triggered an altruistic response.

Question 12

How do altruistic behaviors arise through natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) By its actions,the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation. 
B) The altruist is appreciated by other members of the population because their survivability has been enhanced by virtue of the altruist's risky behavior. 
C) Animals that perform altruistic acts are allowed by their population to breed more,thereby passing on their behavior genes to future generations. 
D) Altruistic behaviors lower stress in populations,which increases the survivability of all the members of the population. 
A) By its actions,the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation. 
B) The altruist is appreciated by other members of the population because their survivability has been enhanced by virtue of the altruist's risky behavior. 
C) Animals that perform altruistic acts are allowed by their population to breed more,thereby passing on their behavior genes to future generations. 
D) Altruistic behaviors lower stress in populations,which increases the survivability of all the members of the population.

Question 13

Figure 39.4
The behavior of most animals is influenced by the periods of daylight and darkness in the environment.Fiddler crabs' courtship behaviors are instead synchronized by the 29 1/2-day cycle of the moon.What is the adaptive significance of using lunar cues?

Accepted Answer

A) The fiddler crab courtship ritual is highly visual,so individuals need the light of the full moon to be able to observe courtship displays. 
B) Egg maturation in fiddler crab females takes 29 1/2 days. 
C) By courting at the full and new moon,fiddler crabs link their reproduction to the times of the highest tides that disperse their larvae to safer,deeper waters. 
D) The algae that larval fiddler crabs consume for energy and metabolism bloom on a monthly cycle,so recently hatched larvae have plenty to eat during a crucial time of their lives. 
E) It takes about 29 days for a fiddler crab to reach sexual maturity. 
A) The fiddler crab courtship ritual is highly visual,so individuals need the light of the full moon to be able to observe courtship displays. 
B) Egg maturation in fiddler crab females takes 29 1/2 days. 
C) By courting at the full and new moon,fiddler crabs link their reproduction to the times of the highest tides that disperse their larvae to safer,deeper waters. 
D) The algae that larval fiddler crabs consume for energy and metabolism bloom on a monthly cycle,so recently hatched larvae have plenty to eat during a crucial time of their lives. 
E) It takes about 29 days for a fiddler crab to reach sexual maturity.

Question 14

Chimpanzees indicate to each other that there are threats nearby by raising their arms in the air.What type of communication signal is this?

Accepted Answer

A) olfactory 
B) visual 
C) auditory 
D) tactile 
A) olfactory 
B) visual 
C) auditory 
D) tactile

Question 15

Imagine you are designing an experiment aimed at determining whether the initiation of migratory behavior is largely under genetic control.Of the following options,the best way to proceed is to

Accepted Answer

A) observe genetically distinct populations in the field and see if they have different migratory habits. 
B) perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits.Do this in the laboratory and see if offspring display parental migratory behavior. 
C) bring animals into the laboratory and determine the conditions under which they become restless and attempt to migrate. 
D) perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits.Rear the offspring in the absence of their parents and observe the migratory behavior of offspring. 
A) observe genetically distinct populations in the field and see if they have different migratory habits. 
B) perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits.Do this in the laboratory and see if offspring display parental migratory behavior. 
C) bring animals into the laboratory and determine the conditions under which they become restless and attempt to migrate. 
D) perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits.Rear the offspring in the absence of their parents and observe the migratory behavior of offspring.

Question 16

A skeletal muscle with abnormally low levels of calcium ions would be impaired in

Accepted Answer

A) ATP hydrolysis. 
B) the initiation of an action potential. 
C) maintaining its resting membrane potential. 
D) initiating contraction. 
E) its ability to sustain glycolysis. 
A) ATP hydrolysis. 
B) the initiation of an action potential. 
C) maintaining its resting membrane potential. 
D) initiating contraction. 
E) its ability to sustain glycolysis.

Question 17

Calcium ions regulate contraction of smooth muscle cells by binding to

Accepted Answer

A) troponin. 
B) tropomyosin. 
C) actin. 
D) myosin. 
E) calmodulin. 
A) troponin. 
B) tropomyosin. 
C) actin. 
D) myosin. 
E) calmodulin.

Question 18

Fred and Joe,two unrelated,mature male gorillas,encounter each other.Fred is courting a female.He grunts as Joe comes near.As Joe continues to advance,Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest)and bares his teeth.Joe then rolls on the ground on his back,gets up,and quickly leaves.This behavioral pattern is repeated several times during the mating season.Choose the most specific behavior described by this example.

Accepted Answer

A) agonistic behavior 
B) spatial behavior 
C) associative behavior 
D) innate behavior 
A) agonistic behavior 
B) spatial behavior 
C) associative behavior 
D) innate behavior

Question 19

Coyotes are awake and often hunt at night.What types of communication do coyotes likely use?

Accepted Answer

A) visual and auditory 
B) tactile and visual 
C) olfactory and auditory 
D) visual and olfactory 
E) tactile and auditory 
A) visual and auditory 
B) tactile and visual 
C) olfactory and auditory 
D) visual and olfactory 
E) tactile and auditory

Question 20

The binding of calcium to the troponin complex

Accepted Answer

A) disrupts cross-bridges,allowing filaments to slide past each other. 
B) allows tropomyosin to bind actin. 
C) opens ion channels,allowing sodium to rush into the muscle cells. 
D) causes tropomyosin to shift position,exposing myosin bind sites on actin. 
A) disrupts cross-bridges,allowing filaments to slide past each other. 
B) allows tropomyosin to bind actin. 
C) opens ion channels,allowing sodium to rush into the muscle cells. 
D) causes tropomyosin to shift position,exposing myosin bind sites on actin.

Exam 39: Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

In a relaxed skeletal muscle,actin is bound to

Curare,a substance that blocks the acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle,will cause

Animal behavior that includes searching for,capturing,and eating food is known as

The hydrostatic skeleton of the earthworm allows it to move around in its environment by

The muscles of a recently deceased animal can remain in a contracted state,termed rigor mortis,for several hours due to the lack of

While at a zoo,you notice that a male peacock is larger and more ornamental compared with a female peacock.Even without observing their mating habits,you can probably conclude that peacocks are

What do skeletal,cardiac,and smooth muscle have in common?

Animals that help other animals of the same species

Skeletal muscle contraction begins when calcium ions bind to

How do altruistic behaviors arise through natural selection?

Figure 39.4 The behavior of most animals is influenced by the periods of daylight and darkness in the environment.Fiddler crabs' courtship behaviors are instead synchronized by the 29 1/2-day cycle of the moon.What is the adaptive significance of using lunar cues?

Chimpanzees indicate to each other that there are threats nearby by raising their arms in the air.What type of communication signal is this?

Imagine you are designing an experiment aimed at determining whether the initiation of migratory behavior is largely under genetic control.Of the following options,the best way to proceed is to

A skeletal muscle with abnormally low levels of calcium ions would be impaired in

Calcium ions regulate contraction of smooth muscle cells by binding to

Coyotes are awake and often hunt at night.What types of communication do coyotes likely use?

The binding of calcium to the troponin complex

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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