Exam 19: Descent With Modification

Currently,two extant elephant species (X and Y)are placed in the genus Loxodonta,and a third species (Z)is placed in the genus Elephas.Thus,which of the following statements is true?

Darwin viewed the history of life as a tree,as depicted in the figure,with multiple branchings from a common trunk to the tips of the twigs. Which part of that tree represents extant organisms?

According to a 1999 study,the vegetarian finch is genetically no more similar to the tree finch than it is to the ground finch,despite the fact that it is placed in the same genus as the tree finch.Based on this finding,it is reasonable to conclude that the vegetarian finch

If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more antibiotic-resistance genes,then what should happen in environments from which antibiotics are missing?

If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense,then one should expect that

What was the prevailing belief prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?

During a study session about evolution,one of your fellow students remarks,"The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves;its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?

Two plant species live in the same biome but on different continents.Although the two species are not at all closely related,they may appear quite similar as a result of

Of the following anatomical structures,which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?

Within six months of effectively using methicillin to treat S.aureus infections in a community,all new S.aureus infections were caused by MRSA.How can this best be explained?

Artificial selection is

Which of the following best explains the difference between Lamarck's and Darwin's mechanisms for evolution?

Within the past century,humans have been eating higher cholesterol and fatty meals and have become less physically active,which makes them more susceptible to heart disease.Which of the following will lead to an adaptation?

Which of the five common ancestors,labeled V-Z,has given rise to the greatest number of species,both extant and extinct?

What environment stimulates evolution of drug-resistant pathogens?

-According to this tree,what percent of the species seem to be extant (in other words,not extinct)?

Which of Darwin's ideas had the strongest connection to Darwin having read Malthus's essay on human population growth?

DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests.Instead,today DDT is largely useless against many insects.Which of the following should have occurred for this pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run?

-The diagram shows an outcrop of sedimentary rock whose strata are labeled A-D.If x indicates the fossils of two closely related species,neither of which is extinct,then their remains may be found in how many of these strata?

Logically,which of the following should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree?