Question 1

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) outer mitochondrial membrane 
C) inner mitochondrial membrane 
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E) mitochondrial matrix 
A) cytosol 
B) outer mitochondrial membrane 
C) inner mitochondrial membrane 
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E) mitochondrial matrix

Question 2

Under anaerobic conditions,what carbon sources can be metabolized by yeast cells to produce ATP from ADP?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) ethanol 
C) pyruvate 
D) lactic acid 
A) glucose 
B) ethanol 
C) pyruvate 
D) lactic acid

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists all of the energy-containing molecules produced by the catabolism of one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 NAD+,2 pyruvate,and 2 ATP 
B) 2 NADH,2 pyruvate,and 2 ATP 
C) 2 FADH2,2 pyruvate,and 4 ATP 
D) 6 CO2,2 pyruvate,and 2 ATP 
E) 6 CO2,2 pyruvate,and 30 ATP 
A) 2 NAD+,2 pyruvate,and 2 ATP 
B) 2 NADH,2 pyruvate,and 2 ATP 
C) 2 FADH2,2 pyruvate,and 4 ATP 
D) 6 CO2,2 pyruvate,and 2 ATP 
E) 6 CO2,2 pyruvate,and 30 ATP

Question 4

A man interested in losing weight and increasing his fitness followed a strict diet and exercise regimen for three months.Body fat analysis indicated that the man had lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds)of fat by following this exercise and diet program.What is the most likely form by which the fat left his body?

Accepted Answer

A) It was converted to heat,which was released to the environment. 
B) It was released as CO2 and H2O. 
C) It was converted to ATP,which weighs much less than fat. 
D) It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body. 
A) It was converted to heat,which was released to the environment. 
B) It was released as CO2 and H2O. 
C) It was converted to ATP,which weighs much less than fat. 
D) It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body.

Question 5

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton),the NAD+ molecule becomes

Accepted Answer

A) dehydrogenated. 
B) oxidized. 
C) reduced. 
D) redoxed. 
E) hydrolyzed. 
A) dehydrogenated. 
B) oxidized. 
C) reduced. 
D) redoxed. 
E) hydrolyzed.

Question 6

During alcohol fermentation in yeast,NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde 
B) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
C) reduction of pyruvate to lactate 
D) reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol 
E) reduction of acetyl CoA to ethanol 
A) oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde 
B) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
C) reduction of pyruvate to lactate 
D) reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol 
E) reduction of acetyl CoA to ethanol

Question 7

During intense exercise,as human muscle cells switch from respiration to fermentation,the cells will increase their catabolism of which of the following energy-containing molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) fats only 
B) carbohydrates only 
C) proteins only 
D) fats,carbohydrates,and proteins 
E) fats and proteins only 
A) fats only 
B) carbohydrates only 
C) proteins only 
D) fats,carbohydrates,and proteins 
E) fats and proteins only

Question 8

Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A) to reduce NAD+ to NADH 
B) to reduce FAD+ to FADH2 
C) to oxidize NADH to NAD+ 
D) to oxidize FADH2 to FAD 
A) to reduce NAD+ to NADH 
B) to reduce FAD+ to FADH2 
C) to oxidize NADH to NAD+ 
D) to oxidize FADH2 to FAD

Question 9

When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space,the result is

Accepted Answer

A) the formation of ATP. 
B) the reduction of NAD+. 
C) a decrease in the pH of the mitochondrial matrix. 
D) the creation of a proton-motive force. 
A) the formation of ATP. 
B) the reduction of NAD+. 
C) a decrease in the pH of the mitochondrial matrix. 
D) the creation of a proton-motive force.

Question 10

Why is glycolysis described as having an energy investment phase and an energy payoff phase?

Accepted Answer

A) Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH,and later steps store an equal amount of energy in ATP and NAD+. 
B) Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH,and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
C) Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH,and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP. 
D) Early steps consume energy from ATP,and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
E) Early steps consume energy from NADH,and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
A) Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH,and later steps store an equal amount of energy in ATP and NAD+. 
B) Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH,and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
C) Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH,and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP. 
D) Early steps consume energy from ATP,and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
E) Early steps consume energy from NADH,and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true?

Accepted Answer

A) NAD+ is the source of electrons used in oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. 
C) NAD+ is oxidized by the action of dehydrogenase enzymes. 
D) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis. 
A) NAD+ is the source of electrons used in oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. 
C) NAD+ is oxidized by the action of dehydrogenase enzymes. 
D) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis.

Question 12

Carbon dioxide (CO2)is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle 
C) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 
D) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle 
A) glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle 
C) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 
D) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 13

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain 
C) the citric acid cycle 
D) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
E) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP 
A) glycolysis 
B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain 
C) the citric acid cycle 
D) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
E) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

Question 14

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) the citric acid cycle 
B) the electron transport chain 
C) glycolysis 
D) reduction of pyruvate to lactate 
A) the citric acid cycle 
B) the electron transport chain 
C) glycolysis 
D) reduction of pyruvate to lactate

Question 15

Approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the electron transport chain is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A) 0% 
B) 2% 
C) 10% 
D) 38% 
E) 100% 
A) 0% 
B) 2% 
C) 10% 
D) 38% 
E) 100%

Question 16

Which of the following describes the result of transferring an electron from a less electronegative atom to a more electronegative atom?

Accepted Answer

A) The more electronegative atom is reduced,and energy is released. 
B) The more electronegative atom is reduced,and energy is consumed. 
C) The more electronegative atom is oxidized,and energy is consumed. 
D) The more electronegative atom is oxidized,and energy is released. 
A) The more electronegative atom is reduced,and energy is released. 
B) The more electronegative atom is reduced,and energy is consumed. 
C) The more electronegative atom is oxidized,and energy is consumed. 
D) The more electronegative atom is oxidized,and energy is released.

Question 17

Which of the following situations results from the transfer of an electron to a more electronegative atom?

Accepted Answer

A) The electron loses potential energy. 
B) The electron gains potential energy. 
C) The electron gains kinetic energy. 
D) The electron oxidizes the more electronegative atom. 
A) The electron loses potential energy. 
B) The electron gains potential energy. 
C) The electron gains kinetic energy. 
D) The electron oxidizes the more electronegative atom.

Question 18

What is the immediate source of the energy used to synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water 
B) the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to proteins associated with the mitochondrial electron transport chain 
C) the transfer of protons and electrons to oxygen 
D) the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
E) the thermodynamically favorable transfer of high-energy phosphate groups from molecules in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to ADP 
A) oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water 
B) the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to proteins associated with the mitochondrial electron transport chain 
C) the transfer of protons and electrons to oxygen 
D) the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane 
E) the thermodynamically favorable transfer of high-energy phosphate groups from molecules in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to ADP

Question 19

Figure 7.2
-Which of the protein complexes labeled with Roman numerals in Figure 7.2 transfers electrons to O2?

Accepted Answer

A) complex I 
B) complex II 
C) complex III 
D) complex IV 
A) complex I 
B) complex II 
C) complex III 
D) complex IV

Question 20

Upon completion of glycolysis,what is the fate of the majority of the potential energy contained in the original glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) It is stored in two ATP molecules. 
B) It is released as heat. 
C) It is retained in two pyruvate molecules. 
D) It is stored in the two NADH molecules. 
A) It is stored in two ATP molecules. 
B) It is released as heat. 
C) It is retained in two pyruvate molecules. 
D) It is stored in the two NADH molecules.

Exam 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located in a eukaryotic cell?

Under anaerobic conditions,what carbon sources can be metabolized by yeast cells to produce ATP from ADP?

Which of the following correctly lists all of the energy-containing molecules produced by the catabolism of one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton),the NAD+ molecule becomes

During alcohol fermentation in yeast,NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by which of the following processes?

During intense exercise,as human muscle cells switch from respiration to fermentation,the cells will increase their catabolism of which of the following energy-containing molecules?

Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space,the result is

Why is glycolysis described as having an energy investment phase and an energy payoff phase?

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

Approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the electron transport chain is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation?

Which of the following describes the result of transferring an electron from a less electronegative atom to a more electronegative atom?

Which of the following situations results from the transfer of an electron to a more electronegative atom?

What is the immediate source of the energy used to synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells?

Figure 7.2 -Which of the protein complexes labeled with Roman numerals in Figure 7.2 transfers electrons to O2?

Upon completion of glycolysis,what is the fate of the majority of the potential energy contained in the original glucose molecule?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

When a molecule of NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton),the NAD⁺ molecule becomes

During alcohol fermentation in yeast,NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH by which of the following processes?

Which of the following statements about NAD⁺ is true?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

Figure 7.2 -Which of the protein complexes labeled with Roman numerals in Figure 7.2 transfers electrons to O₂?