Question 1

Why must T cell activation take place outside the thymus?

Accepted Answer

A) An activated T cell could destroy the other maturing T cells. 
B) An activated T cell could then destroy the thymus gland itself. 
C) Many T cells are self-reactive and must be eliminated in the thymus before any possibility of activation. 
D) Other cell types might be accidentally activated in the thymus. 
A) An activated T cell could destroy the other maturing T cells. 
B) An activated T cell could then destroy the thymus gland itself. 
C) Many T cells are self-reactive and must be eliminated in the thymus before any possibility of activation. 
D) Other cell types might be accidentally activated in the thymus.

Question 2

Your initial version of the influenza assay kit was a great success.Now you are making a new version that will detect one specific strain of influenza that is particularly virulent, and distinguish it from other typical strains.What type of antibody would be best in this case?

Accepted Answer

A) polyclonal 
B) monoclonal 
A) polyclonal 
B) monoclonal

Question 3

What category of cells includes both phagocytes and lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) leukocytes 
B) erythrocytes 
C) platelets 
D) target cells 
A) leukocytes 
B) erythrocytes 
C) platelets 
D) target cells

Question 4

What is a consequence of the fact that the chickenpox virus has a much lower mutation rate than the influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

A) Chickenpox virus can "hide out" as latent virus in nerve cell bodies, but influenza cannot. 
B) Chickenpox creates skin lesions, while influenza leads to body aches. 
C) Chickenpox virus can reemerge decades later with the symptoms of shingles, while influenza is transient. 
D) A chickenpox infection generally gives immunity against a repeat infection, but people can catch the flu every year. 
A) Chickenpox virus can "hide out" as latent virus in nerve cell bodies, but influenza cannot. 
B) Chickenpox creates skin lesions, while influenza leads to body aches. 
C) Chickenpox virus can reemerge decades later with the symptoms of shingles, while influenza is transient. 
D) A chickenpox infection generally gives immunity against a repeat infection, but people can catch the flu every year.

Question 5

What is the name for molecules that provoke a specific immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) antigens 
B) lymphocytes 
C) antibodies 
D) lysozymes 
A) antigens 
B) lymphocytes 
C) antibodies 
D) lysozymes

Question 6

__________ diseases are those abnormal conditions in which the body's defensive cells fail to make the self versus the nonself distinction correctly, and attack the body's own tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) Septic 
B) Nondiscrete 
C) Autoimmune 
D) Cancerous 
A) Septic 
B) Nondiscrete 
C) Autoimmune 
D) Cancerous

Question 7

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on TH cells by recognizing the _______ surface proteins associated with these cells.

Accepted Answer

A) Fc 
B) CD4 
C) epitope 
D) cytokine 
A) Fc 
B) CD4 
C) epitope 
D) cytokine

Question 8

What are on the surface of most vertebrate cells, acting as markers of "self"?

Accepted Answer

A) major histocompatibility complex proteins 
B) T-cell receptors 
C) antigens 
D) immunoglobulins 
A) major histocompatibility complex proteins 
B) T-cell receptors 
C) antigens 
D) immunoglobulins

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding cytokines?

Accepted Answer

A) Cytokines are secreted by TH cells and bind to receptors. 
B) Cytokines are immune cells involved in producing antibodies. 
C) Cytokines are secreted by pathogens during infection. 
D) Cytokines bind to intracellular receptors. 
A) Cytokines are secreted by TH cells and bind to receptors. 
B) Cytokines are immune cells involved in producing antibodies. 
C) Cytokines are secreted by pathogens during infection. 
D) Cytokines bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 10

What are the helper and inducer cells?

Accepted Answer

A) B cells 
B) macrophages 
C) plasma cells 
D) T cells 
A) B cells 
B) macrophages 
C) plasma cells 
D) T cells

Question 11

T cells binding to MHC-peptide complexes are responsible for acceptance or rejection of transplanted organs.To facilitate acceptance of the transplant, the ideal donor will have a close genetic relationship with the recipient -- even then, immune suppression drugs are often necessary.In a strange variation of this phenomenon, the endangered Tasmanian devil of Australia suffers from a devastating disease in which tumorous tissue is transmitted from animal to animal.What is the likely explanation for the lack of rejection of this transmissible tumor?

Accepted Answer

A) MHC genes are unique to humans.Without them, the T cells have no way to distinguish self and non-self. 
B) Marsupials lack an adaptive immune system. 
C) Low genetic diversity makes the MHC genes invariant, so the "transplanted" tissue is accepted as self. 
D) Tumors are never targeted by T cells, unless they are caused by a viral infection. 
A) MHC genes are unique to humans.Without them, the T cells have no way to distinguish self and non-self. 
B) Marsupials lack an adaptive immune system. 
C) Low genetic diversity makes the MHC genes invariant, so the "transplanted" tissue is accepted as self. 
D) Tumors are never targeted by T cells, unless they are caused by a viral infection.

Question 12

B cells can generate antibodies with over 1010 different antigen-binding sites.How do so many different antibodies fit onto a single B cell?

Accepted Answer

A) B cells are unusually large cells. 
B) B cells have wavy, invaginated plasma membranes to provide more surface area. 
C) B cells have long flagella-like extensions to provide more surface area. 
D) They don't -- each B cell makes only a single variety of antibody. 
A) B cells are unusually large cells. 
B) B cells have wavy, invaginated plasma membranes to provide more surface area. 
C) B cells have long flagella-like extensions to provide more surface area. 
D) They don't -- each B cell makes only a single variety of antibody.

Question 13

You are designing a fast assay system for detecting flu virus in patients.You hope to send these tests to clinics in far-flung regions of the globe so they can conduct surveillance on influenza epidemics.The kits will need to remain functional for several years.What type of antibody will you choose?

Accepted Answer

A) polyclonal 
B) monoclonal 
A) polyclonal 
B) monoclonal

Exam 51: The Immune System

Why must T cell activation take place outside the thymus?

Your initial version of the influenza assay kit was a great success.Now you are making a new version that will detect one specific strain of influenza that is particularly virulent, and distinguish it from other typical strains.What type of antibody would be best in this case?

What category of cells includes both phagocytes and lymphocytes?

What is a consequence of the fact that the chickenpox virus has a much lower mutation rate than the influenza virus?

What is the name for molecules that provoke a specific immune response?

__________ diseases are those abnormal conditions in which the body's defensive cells fail to make the self versus the nonself distinction correctly, and attack the body's own tissues.

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on TH cells by recognizing the _______ surface proteins associated with these cells.

What are on the surface of most vertebrate cells, acting as markers of "self"?

Which of the following is true regarding cytokines?

What are the helper and inducer cells?

B cells can generate antibodies with over 1010 different antigen-binding sites.How do so many different antibodies fit onto a single B cell?

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The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on T_H cells by recognizing the _______ surface proteins associated with these cells.

B cells can generate antibodies with over 10¹⁰ different antigen-binding sites.How do so many different antibodies fit onto a single B cell?