Question 1

Under what circumstance would your body experience an increase in erythropoietin secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) if your hematocrit is elevated above normal levels 
B) if you just moved from New York City to start training for a marathon in the 'Mile-High' city of Denver, Colorado 
C) after drinking 5 liters of water in just 2 hours 
D) if you are suffering from hypertension 
A) if your hematocrit is elevated above normal levels 
B) if you just moved from New York City to start training for a marathon in the 'Mile-High' city of Denver, Colorado 
C) after drinking 5 liters of water in just 2 hours 
D) if you are suffering from hypertension

Question 2

Jim is suffering from congestive heart failure, in which blood flow is backed up in his lungs and excess fluid is escaping the blood and accumulating in his lung tissue.If untreated, increasing pulmonary edema will lead to death by suffocation.What is the most-likely cause of Jim's congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Contraction of his right atrium is not keeping up with contraction of his left atrium. 
B) Contraction of his left ventricle is not keeping up with contraction of his right ventricle. 
C) Jim's pulmonary semilunar valve is not opening properly. 
D) Jim's SA node is malfunctioning. 
A) Contraction of his right atrium is not keeping up with contraction of his left atrium. 
B) Contraction of his left ventricle is not keeping up with contraction of his right ventricle. 
C) Jim's pulmonary semilunar valve is not opening properly. 
D) Jim's SA node is malfunctioning.

Question 3

Elephantiasis is an infectious disease in which blockage of the circulatory system by microscopic, parasitic roundworms results in a dramatic swelling of the tissues in the lower half of the body.What region is most likely blocked by these small, thread-like worms?

Accepted Answer

A) the superior vena cava 
B) lymphatic vessels and/or lymph nodes 
C) the left atrium of the heart 
D) a pulmonary artery 
A) the superior vena cava 
B) lymphatic vessels and/or lymph nodes 
C) the left atrium of the heart 
D) a pulmonary artery

Question 4

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) blood clotting and immune defense. 
B) temperature regulation. 
C) oxygen, nutrient, and waste transport. 
D) creation of red and white blood cells. 
A) blood clotting and immune defense. 
B) temperature regulation. 
C) oxygen, nutrient, and waste transport. 
D) creation of red and white blood cells.

Question 5

What is true about about mammalian red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Red blood cells are also called leukocytes. 
B) A mature red blood cell is shaped like a biconcave disc because it has no nucleus. 
C) Red blood cells develop from lymphoid stem cells. 
D) Red blood cells contain albumin. 
A) Red blood cells are also called leukocytes. 
B) A mature red blood cell is shaped like a biconcave disc because it has no nucleus. 
C) Red blood cells develop from lymphoid stem cells. 
D) Red blood cells contain albumin.

Question 6

One mechanism that some animals use to limit heat loss in cold environments is

Accepted Answer

A) vasoconstriction of veins. 
B) vasoconstriction of the precapillary sphincters in the skin. 
C) increasing cardiac output. 
D) vasodilation of below surface blood vessels. 
A) vasoconstriction of veins. 
B) vasoconstriction of the precapillary sphincters in the skin. 
C) increasing cardiac output. 
D) vasodilation of below surface blood vessels.

Question 7

You are taking a lab practical exam, and one station has pins in various internal structures of a bisected mammalian heart.You can orient yourself without picking up and examining the exterior of the heart because

Accepted Answer

A) the width of the external wall of the right ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
B) the width of the external wall of the left ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
C) the width of the external wall of the left atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
D) the width of the external wall of the right atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
A) the width of the external wall of the right ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
B) the width of the external wall of the left ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
C) the width of the external wall of the left atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls. 
D) the width of the external wall of the right atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls.

Question 8

In the blood clotting cascade mechanism, which specific enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) thrombin 
C) albumin 
D) angiotensin 
A) renin 
B) thrombin 
C) albumin 
D) angiotensin

Question 9

Which of the following solutes is NOT normally found in the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolites, wastes, and hormones 
B) globulins 
C) hemoglobin 
D) ions 
A) metabolites, wastes, and hormones 
B) globulins 
C) hemoglobin 
D) ions

Question 10

What would be the physiological effect of an increase in the venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

A) increased stroke volume 
B) decreased cardiac output 
C) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
D) increased secretion of ADH (vasopressin) 
A) increased stroke volume 
B) decreased cardiac output 
C) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
D) increased secretion of ADH (vasopressin)

Question 11

A nurse takes your blood pressure during your annual examination, and she enters a reading of 115/70 in your medical chart.These numbers mean that the

Accepted Answer

A) pressure in your brachial artery during ventricular contraction is 115, while the pressure during ventricular relaxation is 70. 
B) nurse heard sounds through the stethoscope only when the pressure in your brachial artery was exactly 115 and again when it was exactly 70. 
C) pressure in the ventricles of the heart is 115 when the ventricles are contracting and 70 when the ventricles are relaxing. 
D) diastolic pressure is 115 and the systolic pressure is 70. 
A) pressure in your brachial artery during ventricular contraction is 115, while the pressure during ventricular relaxation is 70. 
B) nurse heard sounds through the stethoscope only when the pressure in your brachial artery was exactly 115 and again when it was exactly 70. 
C) pressure in the ventricles of the heart is 115 when the ventricles are contracting and 70 when the ventricles are relaxing. 
D) diastolic pressure is 115 and the systolic pressure is 70.

Question 12

You are taking a lab practical exam.One station has a microscope slide of a cross section through an artery and vein.Which vessel is the artery?

Accepted Answer

A) the vessel with more muscle tissue and elastic fibers in its wall 
B) the vessel with valves to prevent backflow 
C) the vessel lined only with endothelium 
D) the vessel with a greater overall diameter 
A) the vessel with more muscle tissue and elastic fibers in its wall 
B) the vessel with valves to prevent backflow 
C) the vessel lined only with endothelium 
D) the vessel with a greater overall diameter

Question 13

What animal group is mismatched with its circulation system type (open or closed)?

Accepted Answer

A) earthworm-closed 
B) lobster-open 
C) killer whale-closed 
D) cricket-closed 
A) earthworm-closed 
B) lobster-open 
C) killer whale-closed 
D) cricket-closed

Question 14

The greatest metabolic advantage of a fish's two-chambered heart is

Accepted Answer

A) its ability to pump blood under high pressure to all areas of the fish's body. 
B) its ability to maintain a constant blood pressure in the fish. 
C) its ability to stay full of blood even as it is emptying into the conus arteriosus. 
D) its ability to pump blood to the gills for gas exchange before the blood is pumped to the remaining areas of the body. 
A) its ability to pump blood under high pressure to all areas of the fish's body. 
B) its ability to maintain a constant blood pressure in the fish. 
C) its ability to stay full of blood even as it is emptying into the conus arteriosus. 
D) its ability to pump blood to the gills for gas exchange before the blood is pumped to the remaining areas of the body.

Question 15

Changes in the arterial blood pressure are detected by __________ located in the walls of the carotid artery and the arch of the aorta.

Accepted Answer

A) pacemakers 
B) osmoreceptors 
C) Purkinje fibers 
D) baroreceptors 
A) pacemakers 
B) osmoreceptors 
C) Purkinje fibers 
D) baroreceptors

Question 16

Blood is pumped from the heart into the arterial system, which branches from arteries into fine _________.

Accepted Answer

A) arterioles 
B) veins 
C) capillaries 
D) venules 
A) arterioles 
B) veins 
C) capillaries 
D) venules

Question 17

Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A) arteries. 
B) arterioles. 
C) capillaries. 
D) venules. 
A) arteries. 
B) arterioles. 
C) capillaries. 
D) venules.

Question 18

Which animal is likely to have the circulatory pattern shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) frog 
B) mammal 
C) bird 
D) fish 
A) frog 
B) mammal 
C) bird 
D) fish

Question 19

Which secreted molecule is LEAST likely to effect a significant change in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) aldosterone 
C) nitric oxide 
D) high-density lipoprotein 
A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) aldosterone 
C) nitric oxide 
D) high-density lipoprotein

Question 20

The liquid portion of blood that contains metabolites, wastes, hormones, ions, and a variety of proteins is called the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) plasma 
B) edema 
C) platelet 
D) eosinophil 
A) plasma 
B) edema 
C) platelet 
D) eosinophil

Exam 49: The Circulatory System

Under what circumstance would your body experience an increase in erythropoietin secretion?

Elephantiasis is an infectious disease in which blockage of the circulatory system by microscopic, parasitic roundworms results in a dramatic swelling of the tissues in the lower half of the body.What region is most likely blocked by these small, thread-like worms?

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system EXCEPT

What is true about about mammalian red blood cells?

One mechanism that some animals use to limit heat loss in cold environments is

You are taking a lab practical exam, and one station has pins in various internal structures of a bisected mammalian heart.You can orient yourself without picking up and examining the exterior of the heart because

In the blood clotting cascade mechanism, which specific enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Which of the following solutes is NOT normally found in the plasma?

What would be the physiological effect of an increase in the venous return to the heart?

A nurse takes your blood pressure during your annual examination, and she enters a reading of 115/70 in your medical chart.These numbers mean that the

You are taking a lab practical exam.One station has a microscope slide of a cross section through an artery and vein.Which vessel is the artery?

What animal group is mismatched with its circulation system type (open or closed)?

The greatest metabolic advantage of a fish's two-chambered heart is

Changes in the arterial blood pressure are detected by __________ located in the walls of the carotid artery and the arch of the aorta.

Blood is pumped from the heart into the arterial system, which branches from arteries into fine _________.

Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in the

Which animal is likely to have the circulatory pattern shown in the figure?

Which secreted molecule is LEAST likely to effect a significant change in blood pressure?

The liquid portion of blood that contains metabolites, wastes, hormones, ions, and a variety of proteins is called the _______________.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

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