Question 1

What is an example of a molecule that can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) estrogen 
B) progesterone 
C) thyroxine 
D) norepinephrine 
A) estrogen 
B) progesterone 
C) thyroxine 
D) norepinephrine

Question 2

Which of the following is likely to occur after drinking three alcoholic beverages?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased urination due to alcohol activating antiduretic hormone production. 
B) Decreased urination due to alcohol activating aldosterone production. 
C) Increased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production. 
D) Decreased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production. 
A) Increased urination due to alcohol activating antiduretic hormone production. 
B) Decreased urination due to alcohol activating aldosterone production. 
C) Increased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production. 
D) Decreased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production.

Question 3

When a diabetic injects insulin, what does this accomplish?

Accepted Answer

A) promotes glucose release from cells, raising blood glucose 
B) promotes uptake of glucose into cells, lowering blood glucose 
C) promotes hydrolysis of glycogen, raising blood glucose 
D) improves the ability of the body to sense blood glucose levels 
A) promotes glucose release from cells, raising blood glucose 
B) promotes uptake of glucose into cells, lowering blood glucose 
C) promotes hydrolysis of glycogen, raising blood glucose 
D) improves the ability of the body to sense blood glucose levels

Question 4

Which one of the following is a glucocorticoid important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids) during starvation and anti-inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone 
B) cortisol 
C) glucagon 
D) insulin 
A) aldosterone 
B) cortisol 
C) glucagon 
D) insulin

Question 5

Which of the following features distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones require large concentrations to have an effect, while neurotransmitters require only low concentrations. 
B) A hormone affects reproductive functions, while neurotransmitters control all other processes. 
C) Hormones travel via the blood to a target tissue, while neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft to a postsynaptic cell. 
D) Hormones are steroids, while neurotransmitters are amino acids. 
A) Hormones require large concentrations to have an effect, while neurotransmitters require only low concentrations. 
B) A hormone affects reproductive functions, while neurotransmitters control all other processes. 
C) Hormones travel via the blood to a target tissue, while neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft to a postsynaptic cell. 
D) Hormones are steroids, while neurotransmitters are amino acids.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sex steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) estrogen 
B) progesterone 
C) prolactin 
D) testosterone 
A) estrogen 
B) progesterone 
C) prolactin 
D) testosterone

Question 7

True or False: Hormones must be present at high concentrations to elicit an effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is a benefit of targeting hormone signaling rather than a generic cellular housekeeping process in insects?

Accepted Answer

A) It is water soluble. 
B) It works very quickly. 
C) It disrupts the entire population in the area. 
D) It is specific to insects and less toxic to mammals. 
A) It is water soluble. 
B) It works very quickly. 
C) It disrupts the entire population in the area. 
D) It is specific to insects and less toxic to mammals.

Question 9

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water in the urine.Why does it make sense that the heart is the source of ANH?

Accepted Answer

A) The heart is a major endocrine organ that releases several hormones. 
B) ANH helps regulate blood pressure, which is sensed by distension of the heart atria. 
C) The heart is conveniently close to the hypothalamus. 
D) Secretion of hormones by the heart makes it easy for them to enter the bloodstream. 
A) The heart is a major endocrine organ that releases several hormones. 
B) ANH helps regulate blood pressure, which is sensed by distension of the heart atria. 
C) The heart is conveniently close to the hypothalamus. 
D) Secretion of hormones by the heart makes it easy for them to enter the bloodstream.

Question 10

You are researching an "orphan disease" with no available treatment.Your lab develops a drug that mimics a lipophilic hormone thought to be lacking in the disease, and you are looking for a pharmaceutical company to partner with to run a clinical trial.Based on the reaction from each team, which would you choose to work with?

Accepted Answer

A) Company A: "What you've developed is wonderful, but we'll need to develop a delivery system to get the drug across the cell membrane." 
B) Company B: "Your new drug seems very promising.Do you know which G-protein coupled receptor it binds to?" 
C) Company C: "We're interested in developing this drug - it could really help people.Do you know which genes the hormone regulates?" 
A) Company A: "What you've developed is wonderful, but we'll need to develop a delivery system to get the drug across the cell membrane." 
B) Company B: "Your new drug seems very promising.Do you know which G-protein coupled receptor it binds to?" 
C) Company C: "We're interested in developing this drug - it could really help people.Do you know which genes the hormone regulates?"

Question 11

A couple visits a fertility clinic to determine the basis of their difficulty in conceiving a child.They are surprised to hear they will both be tested for levels of two of the same hormones, which play roles in the ovarian cycle and sperm production.Which hormones are they?

Accepted Answer

A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
B) insulin and glucagon 
C) oxytocin and luteinizing hormone (LH) 
D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) 
A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
B) insulin and glucagon 
C) oxytocin and luteinizing hormone (LH) 
D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 12

Why does consumption of alcohol stimulate urination?

Accepted Answer

A) It stimulates ADH secretion. 
B) It inhibits ADH secretion. 
C) It stimulates vasopressin. 
D) It stimulates oxytocin. 
A) It stimulates ADH secretion. 
B) It inhibits ADH secretion. 
C) It stimulates vasopressin. 
D) It stimulates oxytocin.

Question 13

True or False: A molecule can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

True or False: If Ca+2 levels in the blood are too low, hormones from the parathyroid gland can induce bones to dissolve and release calcium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Is it likely that a small, hydrophilic hormone can cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is it likely that a small, hydrophilic...

Question 16

Which hormone is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

A) prolactin 
B) luteinizing hormone 
C) calcitonin 
D) growth hormone 
A) prolactin 
B) luteinizing hormone 
C) calcitonin 
D) growth hormone

Question 17

Choose the hormone that is NOT correctly matched with the endocrine gland that secretes it.

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal cortex-aldosterone 
B) pancreas-insulin 
C) pineal gland-melatonin 
D) adrenal medulla-cortisol 
A) adrenal cortex-aldosterone 
B) pancreas-insulin 
C) pineal gland-melatonin 
D) adrenal medulla-cortisol

Question 18

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant, her breasts are producing milk.When she went to the doctor, he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan.She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why.What do you tell her?

Accepted Answer

A) "They were actually scanning your thyroid gland, not your brain.Are you getting enough iodine in your diet?" 
B) "The MRI technician must have mixed up your patient records.He should have done a thoracic scan instead." 
C) "LH and FSH from the posterior pituitary stimulate milk production.The doctor wants to rule out excess levels of estrogen in the pituitary stalk." 
D) "Prolactin from the anterior pituitary stimulates milk production.The doctor probably wants to rule out a pituitary tumor." 
A) "They were actually scanning your thyroid gland, not your brain.Are you getting enough iodine in your diet?" 
B) "The MRI technician must have mixed up your patient records.He should have done a thoracic scan instead." 
C) "LH and FSH from the posterior pituitary stimulate milk production.The doctor wants to rule out excess levels of estrogen in the pituitary stalk." 
D) "Prolactin from the anterior pituitary stimulates milk production.The doctor probably wants to rule out a pituitary tumor."

Question 19

True or False: The thyroid requires negative feedback to prevent overgrowth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which two hormones interact to maintain normal levels of blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) cortisone and testosterone 
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine 
C) glucagon and insulin 
D) LH and FSH 
A) cortisone and testosterone 
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine 
C) glucagon and insulin 
D) LH and FSH

Exam 45: The Endocrine System

What is an example of a molecule that can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

Which of the following is likely to occur after drinking three alcoholic beverages?

When a diabetic injects insulin, what does this accomplish?

Which one of the following is a glucocorticoid important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids) during starvation and anti-inflammation?

Which of the following features distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sex steroid hormone?

True or False: Hormones must be present at high concentrations to elicit an effect.

What is a benefit of targeting hormone signaling rather than a generic cellular housekeeping process in insects?

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water in the urine.Why does it make sense that the heart is the source of ANH?

A couple visits a fertility clinic to determine the basis of their difficulty in conceiving a child.They are surprised to hear they will both be tested for levels of two of the same hormones, which play roles in the ovarian cycle and sperm production.Which hormones are they?

Why does consumption of alcohol stimulate urination?

True or False: A molecule can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

True or False: If Ca+2 levels in the blood are too low, hormones from the parathyroid gland can induce bones to dissolve and release calcium.

Is it likely that a small, hydrophilic hormone can cross the cell membrane?

Which hormone is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Choose the hormone that is NOT correctly matched with the endocrine gland that secretes it.

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant, her breasts are producing milk.When she went to the doctor, he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan.She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why.What do you tell her?

True or False: The thyroid requires negative feedback to prevent overgrowth.

Which two hormones interact to maintain normal levels of blood glucose?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology

Filters

True or False: If Ca⁺² levels in the blood are too low, hormones from the parathyroid gland can induce bones to dissolve and release calcium.