Question 1

What is the primary function of the hormone ADH?

Accepted Answer

A) regulates biological rhythms 
B) mediates adaptation to long term stress 
C) stimulates bone breakdown 
D) conserves water by stimulating its reabsorption from urine 
A) regulates biological rhythms 
B) mediates adaptation to long term stress 
C) stimulates bone breakdown 
D) conserves water by stimulating its reabsorption from urine

Question 2

Which is the best explanation for how ibuprofen works?

Accepted Answer

A) It thins the blood to relieve joint pain. 
B) It inhibits cyclooxygenase-2, which is needed to produce prostaglandins. 
C) It activates cyclooxygenase-2, which then produces more prostaglandins. 
D) It down-regulates the production of substance P. 
A) It thins the blood to relieve joint pain. 
B) It inhibits cyclooxygenase-2, which is needed to produce prostaglandins. 
C) It activates cyclooxygenase-2, which then produces more prostaglandins. 
D) It down-regulates the production of substance P.

Question 3

How could you improve your experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Apply the hormone to mouse cell culture. 
B) Apply the hormone at a concentration of 0.5M. 
C) Hydrolyze the hormone before application. 
D) Add ATP as a cofactor. 
A) Apply the hormone to mouse cell culture. 
B) Apply the hormone at a concentration of 0.5M. 
C) Hydrolyze the hormone before application. 
D) Add ATP as a cofactor.

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine 
B) cortisol 
C) prolactin 
D) aldosterone 
A) epinephrine 
B) cortisol 
C) prolactin 
D) aldosterone

Question 5

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that causes uterine contractions in childbirth and stimulates milk secretion from nipples.Do men have oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that causes...

Question 6

Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones that differ by only a few atoms.The different receptor binding properties those differences confer allow the hormones to do what during development?

Accepted Answer

A) Cause differential maturation of the prefrontal cortex during late adolescence. 
B) Cause a slight increase in muscle mass in females versus males. 
C) Make females naturally attracted to pink and males to blue. 
D) Control development of all sex-specific physical traits including sex organs, body hair, and breasts. 
A) Cause differential maturation of the prefrontal cortex during late adolescence. 
B) Cause a slight increase in muscle mass in females versus males. 
C) Make females naturally attracted to pink and males to blue. 
D) Control development of all sex-specific physical traits including sex organs, body hair, and breasts.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

A) pair bonding 
B) milk-ejection reflex 
C) milk production 
D) uterine contractions 
A) pair bonding 
B) milk-ejection reflex 
C) milk production 
D) uterine contractions

Question 8

The use of bovine growth hormone (BGH) to increase milk yield in dairy cows is highly controversial.What other hormone is regularly added to milk, yet causes little controversy?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin D 
C) MSG 
D) preservatives 
A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin D 
C) MSG 
D) preservatives

Question 9

What hormone stimulates milk production in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone 
B) melatonin 
C) prolactin 
D) luteinizing hormone 
A) aldosterone 
B) melatonin 
C) prolactin 
D) luteinizing hormone

Question 10

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) The endocrine system employs chemical signals only, while the autonomic nervous system involves a combination of electrical and chemical signals. 
B) The autonomic nervous system promotes "fight or flight" functions, while the endocrine system promotes "rest and digest" functions. 
C) Norepinephrine is produced by the autonomic nervous system, while epinephrine is produced by the endocrine system. 
D) The axons of neurons of the endocrine system travel a shorter distance than those of the autonomic nervous system. 
A) The endocrine system employs chemical signals only, while the autonomic nervous system involves a combination of electrical and chemical signals. 
B) The autonomic nervous system promotes "fight or flight" functions, while the endocrine system promotes "rest and digest" functions. 
C) Norepinephrine is produced by the autonomic nervous system, while epinephrine is produced by the endocrine system. 
D) The axons of neurons of the endocrine system travel a shorter distance than those of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 11

A new hormone is discovered.Tests reveal that it is small, hydrophilic, and degraded by a protease.What type of hormone is it?

Accepted Answer

A) peptide 
B) amino acid derivative 
C) steroid 
D) glucocorticoid 
A) peptide 
B) amino acid derivative 
C) steroid 
D) glucocorticoid

Question 12

What hormone stimulates the milk-ejection reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) oxytocin 
C) vasopressin 
D) parathyroid hormone 
A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) oxytocin 
C) vasopressin 
D) parathyroid hormone

Question 13

ACTH stands for adrenocorticotropic hormone, but it is produced in the anterior pituitary.What is the basis of this name?

Accepted Answer

A) It is expressed most highly in tropical climates. 
B) It stimulates the adrenal cortex. 
C) It signals to the kidneys to reabsorb water. 
D) It stimulates appetite by acting on the cerebral cortex. 
A) It is expressed most highly in tropical climates. 
B) It stimulates the adrenal cortex. 
C) It signals to the kidneys to reabsorb water. 
D) It stimulates appetite by acting on the cerebral cortex.

Question 14

You are a professor supervising first year medical students.One student is examining the adrenal gland of his cadaver."Wow!" he exclaims, "This person must have had an endocrine problem.Their adrenal gland lacks any kind of duct connecting it to the bloodstream.The hormones could only have oozed out." How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A) "That makes their adrenal gland similar to an exocrine organ." 
B) "Do you see signs of adrenal insufficiency, such as low fat stores or muscle degeneration?" 
C) "That's normal.The hormones ooze out and diffuse into nearby capillaries, which is why endocrine glands are sometimes called 'ductless glands'." 
D) "Look carefully and you will see the nerves that transport the hormones into the bloodstream." 
A) "That makes their adrenal gland similar to an exocrine organ." 
B) "Do you see signs of adrenal insufficiency, such as low fat stores or muscle degeneration?" 
C) "That's normal.The hormones ooze out and diffuse into nearby capillaries, which is why endocrine glands are sometimes called 'ductless glands'." 
D) "Look carefully and you will see the nerves that transport the hormones into the bloodstream."

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) glucose 
D) cortisol 
A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) glucose 
D) cortisol

Question 16

Which of the following is a paracrine regulator that affects almost every organ in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin 
B) testosterone 
C) prostaglandin 
D) gonadotropin 
A) insulin 
B) testosterone 
C) prostaglandin 
D) gonadotropin

Question 17

A novel disease causes destruction of the adrenal glands.If a patient with this disease failed to receive aldosterone replacement therapy, what would result?

Accepted Answer

A) death 
B) diminished cognitive function 
C) infertility in both men and women 
D) poor blood sugar regulation 
A) death 
B) diminished cognitive function 
C) infertility in both men and women 
D) poor blood sugar regulation

Question 18

The ________ lobe of the pituitary gland appears fibrous because it contains axons originating from hypothalamic neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) anterior 
B) posterior 
C) superior 
D) inferior 
A) anterior 
B) posterior 
C) superior 
D) inferior

Question 19

Lampreys completely lack parathyroid glands.Suggest why these glands may be important for other vertebrates, but not for jawless fish.

Accepted Answer

A) Because they are parasitic, lampreys get plenty of calcium from their hosts. 
B) Living in the ocean, they are surrounded by large amounts of sodium, chloride, and magnesium ions. 
C) Jawless fish employ a different system than other vertebrates to regulate blood sugar. 
D) Since they have a cartilaginous skeleton but not true bone, they have less need to regulate calcium levels. 
A) Because they are parasitic, lampreys get plenty of calcium from their hosts. 
B) Living in the ocean, they are surrounded by large amounts of sodium, chloride, and magnesium ions. 
C) Jawless fish employ a different system than other vertebrates to regulate blood sugar. 
D) Since they have a cartilaginous skeleton but not true bone, they have less need to regulate calcium levels.

Question 20

At the breakfast table, your roommate says, "Oops! I forgot to take my melatonin last night.I'd better take it now." How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A) "Good idea -- you don't want your bones to get brittle." 
B) "Be sure not to take too much, or your blood sugar could get dangerously low." 
C) "Don't take it now - it regulates biological rhythms, and is normally high at night and low during the day." 
D) "Don't take it after a meal - it promotes the 'fight-or-flight' response, not 'rest-and-digest'." 
A) "Good idea -- you don't want your bones to get brittle." 
B) "Be sure not to take too much, or your blood sugar could get dangerously low." 
C) "Don't take it now - it regulates biological rhythms, and is normally high at night and low during the day." 
D) "Don't take it after a meal - it promotes the 'fight-or-flight' response, not 'rest-and-digest'."

Exam 45: The Endocrine System

What is the primary function of the hormone ADH?

Which is the best explanation for how ibuprofen works?

How could you improve your experiment?

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone that causes uterine contractions in childbirth and stimulates milk secretion from nipples.Do men have oxytocin?

Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones that differ by only a few atoms.The different receptor binding properties those differences confer allow the hormones to do what during development?

Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin?

The use of bovine growth hormone (BGH) to increase milk yield in dairy cows is highly controversial.What other hormone is regularly added to milk, yet causes little controversy?

What hormone stimulates milk production in mammals?

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?

A new hormone is discovered.Tests reveal that it is small, hydrophilic, and degraded by a protease.What type of hormone is it?

What hormone stimulates the milk-ejection reflex?

ACTH stands for adrenocorticotropic hormone, but it is produced in the anterior pituitary.What is the basis of this name?

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to hypoglycemia?

Which of the following is a paracrine regulator that affects almost every organ in the body?

A novel disease causes destruction of the adrenal glands.If a patient with this disease failed to receive aldosterone replacement therapy, what would result?

The ________ lobe of the pituitary gland appears fibrous because it contains axons originating from hypothalamic neurons.

Lampreys completely lack parathyroid glands.Suggest why these glands may be important for other vertebrates, but not for jawless fish.

At the breakfast table, your roommate says, "Oops! I forgot to take my melatonin last night.I'd better take it now." How do you respond?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology

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