Question 1

A ______________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ______________ group consists of the most...

Question 2

-Based on the phylogeny shown, which characteristic is homoplastic?

Accepted Answer

A) tree 
B) needles 
C) flowers 
D) seeds 
A) tree 
B) needles 
C) flowers 
D) seeds

Question 3

A group is considered paraphyletic if

Accepted Answer

A) all members of the group share a common ancestor. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) the common ancestor of the group is not included in the group. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor. 
A) all members of the group share a common ancestor. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) the common ancestor of the group is not included in the group. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.

Question 4

Based on the phylogeny shown, choose the true statements about evolutionary relationships (Select all that apply).

Accepted Answer

A) _____ A snake is more closely related to a newt than to a mouse. 
B) _____ A newt is equally related to a snake and a chimp. 
C) _____A mouse is more closely related to a chimp than to a snake. 
D) _____ A salamander is more closely related to a mouse than to a chimp. 
A) _____ A snake is more closely related to a newt than to a mouse. 
B) _____ A newt is equally related to a snake and a chimp. 
C) _____A mouse is more closely related to a chimp than to a snake. 
D) _____ A salamander is more closely related to a mouse than to a chimp.

Question 5

The biological specialty that deals with the reconstruction and study of phylogenies is called _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The biological specialty that deals with the...

Question 6

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, while "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 7

The principle of ______________ favors the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principle of ______________ favors the hypothesis...

Question 8

Birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits.Assuming that this is true, these groups of animals and their common ancestor would represent

Accepted Answer

A) a polyphyletic group. 
B) a monophyletic group. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) an outgroup. 
A) a polyphyletic group. 
B) a monophyletic group. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) an outgroup.

Question 9

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the fewest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 6 
B) 1 and 4 
C) 4 and 6 
D) 2 and 3 
A) 1 and 6 
B) 1 and 4 
C) 4 and 6 
D) 2 and 3

Question 10

A derived character that is shared by all members of a clade is called a ______________ of that clade.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A derived character that is shared by...

Question 11

A group is considered polyphyletic if

Accepted Answer

A) all members of the group share a common ancestor. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) all members share homoplastic traits. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor. 
A) all members of the group share a common ancestor. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) all members share homoplastic traits. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.

Question 12

Consider the cladogram shown.Based on this cladogram, which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 13

Derived character states shared by clade members are called

Accepted Answer

A) ancestral traits. 
B) homoplasies. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) plesiomorphies. 
A) ancestral traits. 
B) homoplasies. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) plesiomorphies.

Question 14

The evolution of saber teeth in a number of groups of extinct carnivorous mammals is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence. 
A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence.

Question 15

A group is considered monophyletic if

Accepted Answer

A) all members of the group share a common ancestor that is included in the group. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) all members share homoplastic traits. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor. 
A) all members of the group share a common ancestor that is included in the group. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) all members share homoplastic traits. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.

Question 16

Based on the phylogeny shown, choose the true statement about evolutionary relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) Ginkgo is more closely related to oak than rose. 
B) Oak is equally related to rose and pine. 
C) Fern is more closely related to pine than to rose. 
D) Fern is equally related to ginkgo and oak. 
A) Ginkgo is more closely related to oak than rose. 
B) Oak is equally related to rose and pine. 
C) Fern is more closely related to pine than to rose. 
D) Fern is equally related to ginkgo and oak.

Question 17

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 and 5 
B) 2 and 4 
C) 1 and 4 
D) 3 and 4 
A) 4 and 5 
B) 2 and 4 
C) 1 and 4 
D) 3 and 4

Question 18

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics.Which friend is right?

Accepted Answer

A) Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same, one is more recent than the other, but basically they are the same. 
B) Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades, which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. 
C) Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. 
D) Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies. 
A) Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same, one is more recent than the other, but basically they are the same. 
B) Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades, which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. 
C) Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. 
D) Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies.

Question 19

The evolution of conducting tubes (sieve tubes) in land plants and brown algae is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence. 
A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence.

Question 20

Assume that the ancestor of this phylogeny had vascular tissue and chlorophyll.If this is true, which answer lists all key traits of a ginkgo?

Accepted Answer

A) vascular tissue, needles, tree, and chlorophyll 
B) tree and seeds 
C) seeds, tree, vascular tissue, and chlorophyll 
D) needles, tree, and seeds 
A) vascular tissue, needles, tree, and chlorophyll 
B) tree and seeds 
C) seeds, tree, vascular tissue, and chlorophyll 
D) needles, tree, and seeds

Exam 23: Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

A ______________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.

-Based on the phylogeny shown, which characteristic is homoplastic?

A group is considered paraphyletic if

Based on the phylogeny shown, choose the true statements about evolutionary relationships (Select all that apply).

The biological specialty that deals with the reconstruction and study of phylogenies is called _________.

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, while "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

The principle of ______________ favors the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions.

Birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits.Assuming that this is true, these groups of animals and their common ancestor would represent

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the fewest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

A derived character that is shared by all members of a clade is called a ______________ of that clade.

A group is considered polyphyletic if

Consider the cladogram shown.Based on this cladogram, which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

Derived character states shared by clade members are called

The evolution of saber teeth in a number of groups of extinct carnivorous mammals is an example of

A group is considered monophyletic if

Based on the phylogeny shown, choose the true statement about evolutionary relationships.

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics.Which friend is right?

The evolution of conducting tubes (sieve tubes) in land plants and brown algae is an example of

Assume that the ancestor of this phylogeny had vascular tissue and chlorophyll.If this is true, which answer lists all key traits of a ginkgo?

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