Question 1

Phospholipids are made up of:

Accepted Answer

A) a glycerol and three fatty acids. 
B) four fused carbon rings. 
C) a phosphate, two fatty acids and a glycerol. 
D) five-carbon rings with two nonpolar tails. 
A) a glycerol and three fatty acids. 
B) four fused carbon rings. 
C) a phosphate, two fatty acids and a glycerol. 
D) five-carbon rings with two nonpolar tails.

Question 2

Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called:

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids. 
B) amino acids. 
C) nucleotides. 
D) phosphate groups. 
A) fatty acids. 
B) amino acids. 
C) nucleotides. 
D) phosphate groups.

Question 3

If all functional groups are removed from an organic molecule, leaving only a hydrocarbon chain, the molecule becomes a:

Accepted Answer

A) Lipid 
B) Carbohydrate 
C) Protein 
D) Nucleic acid 
A) Lipid 
B) Carbohydrate 
C) Protein 
D) Nucleic acid

Question 4

Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) enzyme. 
B) chlorophyll pigment. 
C) phospholipid. 
D) triglyceride. 
A) enzyme. 
B) chlorophyll pigment. 
C) phospholipid. 
D) triglyceride.

Question 5

A candy bar contains 108 calories per serving.There are 4 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 8 grams of fat in a serving.How many of the calories come from fat?

Accepted Answer

A) 72 
B) 16 
C) 18 
D) 20 
A) 72 
B) 16 
C) 18 
D) 20

Question 6

Enzymes function to:

Accepted Answer

A) react with other enzymes to form a product. 
B) catalyze chemical reactions. 
C) transport molecules and ions across membranes. 
D) regulate messages between cells. 
A) react with other enzymes to form a product. 
B) catalyze chemical reactions. 
C) transport molecules and ions across membranes. 
D) regulate messages between cells.

Question 7

Acyclovir is an antiviral chemical that resembles a nucleotide but lacks a 3' OH group and cannot form phosphodiester bonds.Why is Acyclovir useful in treating some viral infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Acyclovir stops viral protein synthesis. 
B) Acyclovir halts viral DNA replication. 
C) Acyclovir blocks the assembly of viral cell capsules. 
D) Acyclovir hydrolyzes viral polysaccharides. 
A) Acyclovir stops viral protein synthesis. 
B) Acyclovir halts viral DNA replication. 
C) Acyclovir blocks the assembly of viral cell capsules. 
D) Acyclovir hydrolyzes viral polysaccharides.

Question 8

Denaturation disrupts the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins.However, denaturation is not strong enough to disrupt what interaction that is relevant to protein structure?

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bonds 
B) hydrophobic exclusion 
C) peptide bonds 
D) van der Waals attraction 
A) ionic bonds 
B) hydrophobic exclusion 
C) peptide bonds 
D) van der Waals attraction

Question 9

Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin.When you fry an egg, why does the egg white turn from clear to white?

Accepted Answer

A) The protein becomes dissociated. 
B) The protein acquires tertiary structure. 
C) The protein becomes denatured. 
D) The protein becomes dehydrated. 
A) The protein becomes dissociated. 
B) The protein acquires tertiary structure. 
C) The protein becomes denatured. 
D) The protein becomes dehydrated.

Question 10

A modified form of cellulose found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) chitin 
B) starch 
C) amylose 
D) glycogen 
A) chitin 
B) starch 
C) amylose 
D) glycogen

Question 11

Which amino acid is least soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A) Alanine 
B) Glutamine 
C) Glycine 
D) Isoleucine 
A) Alanine 
B) Glutamine 
C) Glycine 
D) Isoleucine

Question 12

People who are lactose intolerant can often consume some products made from milk such as cheese and yogurt because microorganisms in their digestive system consume the lactose.By comparison, people with a true milk allergy, which involves an immune response to milk protein, cannot consume milk or products made from milk.Given this information, what can you conclude about milk?

Accepted Answer

A) The protein that causes a true milk allergy is lactose. 
B) All people who are lactose intolerant are also allergic to milk. 
C) Yogurt contains live and active cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria and therefore prevents an allergic response in people with a true milk allergy. 
D) Lactose is a carbohydrate, not a protein and is therefore not the cause of true milk allergies. 
A) The protein that causes a true milk allergy is lactose. 
B) All people who are lactose intolerant are also allergic to milk. 
C) Yogurt contains live and active cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria and therefore prevents an allergic response in people with a true milk allergy. 
D) Lactose is a carbohydrate, not a protein and is therefore not the cause of true milk allergies.

Question 13

The covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of a water molecule.This reaction is referred to as: rev: 09_11_2014_QC_53628

Accepted Answer

A) a hydrolysis reaction. 
B) an oxidation-reduction reaction. 
C) a dehydration reaction. 
D) a hydration reaction. 
A) a hydrolysis reaction. 
B) an oxidation-reduction reaction. 
C) a dehydration reaction. 
D) a hydration reaction.

Question 14

Seth purchased five pounds of live crayfish and realized that the outer shells were made of a tough carbohydrate similar to that used to make the carapace of a cockroach.What do you think the outer shells of the crawfish are made of?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycogen 
B) Chitin 
C) Amylopectin 
D) Cellulose 
A) Glycogen 
B) Chitin 
C) Amylopectin 
D) Cellulose

Question 15

Which of the following reactions is a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) A + B + H2O $\rightarrow$ C 
B) A $\rightarrow$ B + C+ H2O 
C) A + B $\rightarrow$ C + H2O 
D) A + H2O $\rightarrow$ B + C 
A) A + B + H2O $\rightarrow$ C 
B) A $\rightarrow$ B + C+ H2O 
C) A + B $\rightarrow$ C + H2O 
D) A + H2O $\rightarrow$ B + C

Question 16

The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) lipid. 
B) nucleic acid. 
C) protein. 
D) carbohydrate. 
A) lipid. 
B) nucleic acid. 
C) protein. 
D) carbohydrate.

Question 17

The DNA sequence capable of pairing with 5' CGATTAGT 3' is:

Accepted Answer

A) 5' CGATTAGT 3'. 
B) 5' GCTAATCA 3'. 
C) 3' CGATTAGT 5'. 
D) 3' GCTAATCA 5'. 
A) 5' CGATTAGT 3'. 
B) 5' GCTAATCA 3'. 
C) 3' CGATTAGT 5'. 
D) 3' GCTAATCA 5'.

Question 18

Macromolecules that are used by most organisms to store hereditary information are called:

Accepted Answer

A) proteins. 
B) transfer RNA molecules. 
C) ribosomal RNA molecules. 
D) DNA molecules. 
A) proteins. 
B) transfer RNA molecules. 
C) ribosomal RNA molecules. 
D) DNA molecules.

Question 19

The types of bonds found in nucleic acids are:

Accepted Answer

A) phosphodiester bonds. 
B) peptide bonds. 
C) ionic bonds. 
D) non-polar covalent bonds. 
A) phosphodiester bonds. 
B) peptide bonds. 
C) ionic bonds. 
D) non-polar covalent bonds.

Question 20

The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is:

Accepted Answer

A) adenine 
B) cytosine 
C) uracil 
D) guanine 
A) adenine 
B) cytosine 
C) uracil 
D) guanine

Exam 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Phospholipids are made up of:

Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called:

If all functional groups are removed from an organic molecule, leaving only a hydrocarbon chain, the molecule becomes a:

Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in a(n):

A candy bar contains 108 calories per serving.There are 4 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 8 grams of fat in a serving.How many of the calories come from fat?

Enzymes function to:

Acyclovir is an antiviral chemical that resembles a nucleotide but lacks a 3' OH group and cannot form phosphodiester bonds.Why is Acyclovir useful in treating some viral infections?

Denaturation disrupts the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins.However, denaturation is not strong enough to disrupt what interaction that is relevant to protein structure?

Egg whites consist primarily of water and the protein albumin.When you fry an egg, why does the egg white turn from clear to white?

A modified form of cellulose found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans is known as:

Which amino acid is least soluble in water?

The covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of a water molecule.This reaction is referred to as: rev: 09_11_2014_QC_53628

Seth purchased five pounds of live crayfish and realized that the outer shells were made of a tough carbohydrate similar to that used to make the carapace of a cockroach.What do you think the outer shells of the crawfish are made of?

Which of the following reactions is a hydrolysis reaction?

The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a(n):

The DNA sequence capable of pairing with 5' CGATTAGT 3' is:

Macromolecules that are used by most organisms to store hereditary information are called:

The types of bonds found in nucleic acids are:

The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is:

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology

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