Question 1

A nucleic acid contains uracil, allowing you to conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A) this nucleic acid is DNA. 
B) this nucleic acid is RNA. 
C) this nucleic acid could be either DNA or RNA. 
A) this nucleic acid is DNA. 
B) this nucleic acid is RNA. 
C) this nucleic acid could be either DNA or RNA.

Question 2

What type of monomer does ATP represent?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotide 
B) glycerol 
C) fatty acid 
D) monosaccharide 
A) nucleotide 
B) glycerol 
C) fatty acid 
D) monosaccharide

Question 3

Humans are unable to get metabolic energy from cellulose because:

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose contains very little chemical energy. 
B) cellulose is not part of a normal diet. 
C) cellulose digesting enzymes are absent from the human gut. 
D) cellulose does not taste good. 
A) cellulose contains very little chemical energy. 
B) cellulose is not part of a normal diet. 
C) cellulose digesting enzymes are absent from the human gut. 
D) cellulose does not taste good.

Question 4

A bobcat is feeding on a white-tailed deer.It first eats the liver, which is rich in stored sugars.In what form would sugar be stored in the deer's liver?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose 
B) Maltose 
C) Glycogen 
D) Amylose 
A) Glucose 
B) Maltose 
C) Glycogen 
D) Amylose

Question 5

Macromolecules are broken down to monomers in ___

Accepted Answer

A) dehydration reactions. 
B) denaturation reactions. 
C) hydrolysis reactions. 
D) anabolic reactions. 
A) dehydration reactions. 
B) denaturation reactions. 
C) hydrolysis reactions. 
D) anabolic reactions.

Question 6

Luke sprained his ankle, tearing some of the collagen protein that forms his ligaments.Some types of collagen consist of three polypeptide chains twisted together to form a rope-like strand.What level of protein structure does this rope-like strand represent?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary 
B) Secondary 
C) Tertiary 
D) Quaternary 
A) Primary 
B) Secondary 
C) Tertiary 
D) Quaternary

Question 7

The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its ____.

Accepted Answer

A) primary structure 
B) secondary structure 
C) tertiary structure 
D) quaternary structure 
A) primary structure 
B) secondary structure 
C) tertiary structure 
D) quaternary structure

Question 8

You arrive late to a biological seminar.However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the "five-prime end" and the "three-prime end" of a macromolecule.Immediately, you know that they are talking about a:

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate. 
B) protein. 
C) DNA. 
D) lipid. 
A) carbohydrate. 
B) protein. 
C) DNA. 
D) lipid.

Question 9

What characteristic would the R groups of amino acids have if they are located within the interior of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) The R groups would be able to form ionic bonds. 
B) The R groups would be polar. 
C) The R groups would hydrophobic. 
D) The R groups would be hydrophilic. 
A) The R groups would be able to form ionic bonds. 
B) The R groups would be polar. 
C) The R groups would hydrophobic. 
D) The R groups would be hydrophilic.

Question 10

A phosphorus shortage in soil would make it difficult for plants to produce:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) starch 
C) amylose 
D) cellulose 
A) DNA 
B) starch 
C) amylose 
D) cellulose

Question 11

At the pH of most bodily fluids, which functional group will lose a proton and which functional group will accept a proton?

Accepted Answer

A) sulfhydryl; carbonyl 
B) Hydroxyl; amino 
C) amino; carboxyl 
D) carboxyl; amino 
A) sulfhydryl; carbonyl 
B) Hydroxyl; amino 
C) amino; carboxyl 
D) carboxyl; amino

Question 12

This is a nucleotide containing molecule that is commonly used to carry electrons in the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) ADP 
B) ATP 
C) NAD+ 
D) pyruvic acid 
A) ADP 
B) ATP 
C) NAD+ 
D) pyruvic acid

Question 13

This type of lipid is found in pigments such as chlorophyll, in the visual pigment retinal, and in rubber:

Accepted Answer

A) steroid. 
B) wax. 
C) prostaglandin. 
D) terpene. 
A) steroid. 
B) wax. 
C) prostaglandin. 
D) terpene.

Question 14

Margarine is made by hydrogenating vegetable oils so that they take on the consistency of butter.Propose a chemical basis for this change from a liquid to a solid.

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrogenation of fats changes them from saturated to unsaturated, which are more solid. 
B) Trans-fatty acids are changed from unsaturated to saturated, allowing them to solidify. 
C) Trans fatty acids are changed from saturated to unsaturated, allowing them to solidify. 
D) Hydrogenation of fats changes them from unsaturated to saturated, which are more solid. 
A) Hydrogenation of fats changes them from saturated to unsaturated, which are more solid. 
B) Trans-fatty acids are changed from unsaturated to saturated, allowing them to solidify. 
C) Trans fatty acids are changed from saturated to unsaturated, allowing them to solidify. 
D) Hydrogenation of fats changes them from unsaturated to saturated, which are more solid.

Question 15

A low fat cookie with 2 grams of fat, 10 grams of carbohydrate, and 2 grams of protein contains:

Accepted Answer

A) 14 calories 
B) 56 calories 
C) 66 calories 
D) 126 calories 
A) 14 calories 
B) 56 calories 
C) 66 calories 
D) 126 calories

Question 16

L-lysine is an essential amino acid and must be supplied in the diet.By comparison, the stereoisomer D-lysine is not biologically active.Why can your body only utilize one form?

Accepted Answer

A) Since the L form and D form are enantiomers, they will bind together and inhibit utilization of the D form. 
B) Since the L form and D form are chiral molecules, they will bind together and inhibit utilization of the D form. 
C) Antibodies recognize the D form and destroy it before your body can use it for nutritional purposes. 
D) Enzymes can only recognize a single, specific stereoisomer. 
A) Since the L form and D form are enantiomers, they will bind together and inhibit utilization of the D form. 
B) Since the L form and D form are chiral molecules, they will bind together and inhibit utilization of the D form. 
C) Antibodies recognize the D form and destroy it before your body can use it for nutritional purposes. 
D) Enzymes can only recognize a single, specific stereoisomer.

Question 17

Benedict's reagent is a chemical that is used as a test for the presence of a free aldehyde functional group on glucose.The aldehyde is used when glucose and fructose bind together to form sucrose, and the Benedict's test is negative.Starch contains a great deal of glucose but gives a negative Benedict's test because:

Accepted Answer

A) all of the aldehyde groups on the starch are oxidized and cannot react with the Benedict's reagent. 
B) glucose in starch has lost a carbon atom and cannot react with Benedict's reagent. 
C) only the glucose at the end of a chain of starch will have an exposed aldehyde functional group to react with Benedict's reagent. 
D) starch is not soluble in water and cannot react with Benedict's reagent. 
A) all of the aldehyde groups on the starch are oxidized and cannot react with the Benedict's reagent. 
B) glucose in starch has lost a carbon atom and cannot react with Benedict's reagent. 
C) only the glucose at the end of a chain of starch will have an exposed aldehyde functional group to react with Benedict's reagent. 
D) starch is not soluble in water and cannot react with Benedict's reagent.

Question 18

A DNA molecule containing 32% thymine would contain how much cytosine?

Accepted Answer

A) 18% 
B) 32% 
C) 36% 
D) 64% 
A) 18% 
B) 32% 
C) 36% 
D) 64%

Question 19

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds in a ____

Accepted Answer

A) starch. 
B) polypeptide. 
C) polysaccharide. 
D) nucleic acid. 
A) starch. 
B) polypeptide. 
C) polysaccharide. 
D) nucleic acid.

Question 20

DNA and RNA contain functional units known as:

Accepted Answer

A) peptides. 
B) enzymes. 
C) amino acids. 
D) nucleotides. 
A) peptides. 
B) enzymes. 
C) amino acids. 
D) nucleotides.

Exam 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

A nucleic acid contains uracil, allowing you to conclude that:

What type of monomer does ATP represent?

Humans are unable to get metabolic energy from cellulose because:

A bobcat is feeding on a white-tailed deer.It first eats the liver, which is rich in stored sugars.In what form would sugar be stored in the deer's liver?

Macromolecules are broken down to monomers in ___

Luke sprained his ankle, tearing some of the collagen protein that forms his ligaments.Some types of collagen consist of three polypeptide chains twisted together to form a rope-like strand.What level of protein structure does this rope-like strand represent?

The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its ____.

You arrive late to a biological seminar.However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the "five-prime end" and the "three-prime end" of a macromolecule.Immediately, you know that they are talking about a:

What characteristic would the R groups of amino acids have if they are located within the interior of biological membranes?

A phosphorus shortage in soil would make it difficult for plants to produce:

At the pH of most bodily fluids, which functional group will lose a proton and which functional group will accept a proton?

This is a nucleotide containing molecule that is commonly used to carry electrons in the cell.

This type of lipid is found in pigments such as chlorophyll, in the visual pigment retinal, and in rubber:

Margarine is made by hydrogenating vegetable oils so that they take on the consistency of butter.Propose a chemical basis for this change from a liquid to a solid.

A low fat cookie with 2 grams of fat, 10 grams of carbohydrate, and 2 grams of protein contains:

L-lysine is an essential amino acid and must be supplied in the diet.By comparison, the stereoisomer D-lysine is not biologically active.Why can your body only utilize one form?

A DNA molecule containing 32% thymine would contain how much cytosine?

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds in a ____

DNA and RNA contain functional units known as:

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology

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