Question 1

What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) aspartate 
B) GABA 
C) acetylcholine 
D) glutamate 
E) glycine 
A) aspartate 
B) GABA 
C) acetylcholine 
D) glutamate 
E) glycine

Question 2

When voltage- dependent calcium channels open, calcium moves out of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Synaptic vesicles store

Accepted Answer

A) sodium. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) potassium. 
D) calcium. 
E) enzymes that degrade neurotransmitter. 
A) sodium. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) potassium. 
D) calcium. 
E) enzymes that degrade neurotransmitter.

Question 4

Epinephrine binds best to which of the following receptor types?

Accepted Answer

A) alpha1 adrenergic receptors 
B) alpha2 adrenergic receptors 
C) alpha3 adrenergic receptors 
D) beta1 adrenergic receptors 
E) beta2 adrenergic receptors 
A) alpha1 adrenergic receptors 
B) alpha2 adrenergic receptors 
C) alpha3 adrenergic receptors 
D) beta1 adrenergic receptors 
E) beta2 adrenergic receptors

Question 5

Presynaptic modulation involves a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal of one neuron affecting the membrane potential of an axon terminal from another neuron on which the first has synapsed (axoaxonic synapse).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Histamine has receptors in the hypothalamus, RAS system, stomach, blood vessels, and bronchioles. What creates histamine's differing effects seen in each of these areas?

Accepted Answer

A) Histamine recombines with other endogenous substances once inside the target cell. 
B) All of the effects are a result of membrane dehydration. 
C) Each tissue is different, so no two can have the same effect. 
D) They are dependent on which cell secretes the histamine. 
E) There are different message transduction systems. 
A) Histamine recombines with other endogenous substances once inside the target cell. 
B) All of the effects are a result of membrane dehydration. 
C) Each tissue is different, so no two can have the same effect. 
D) They are dependent on which cell secretes the histamine. 
E) There are different message transduction systems.

Question 7

Which of the following is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates the sleep- wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) vasopressin 
B) orexin 
C) oxytocin 
D) melatonin 
E) substance P 
A) vasopressin 
B) orexin 
C) oxytocin 
D) melatonin 
E) substance P

Question 8

Which of the following compounds is NOT a neuropeptide?

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine 
B) vasopressin 
C) endorphin 
D) substance P 
E) oxytocin 
A) epinephrine 
B) vasopressin 
C) endorphin 
D) substance P 
E) oxytocin

Question 9

The neurotransmitter that is released from the presynaptic neuron must diffuse across the to reach the postsynaptic neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) dendrite 
B) synaptic cleft 
C) cell body 
D) axon 
E) axon hillock 
A) dendrite 
B) synaptic cleft 
C) cell body 
D) axon 
E) axon hillock

Question 10

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a biogenic amine, but not a catecholamine?

Accepted Answer

A) serotonin 
B) substance P 
C) aspartate 
D) norepinephrine 
E) acetylcholine 
A) serotonin 
B) substance P 
C) aspartate 
D) norepinephrine 
E) acetylcholine

Question 11

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that contains a six- carbon ring with two hydroxyl groups and an amine group?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) neuroactive peptides 
C) nitric oxide 
D) amino acids 
E) norepinephrine 
A) acetylcholine 
B) neuroactive peptides 
C) nitric oxide 
D) amino acids 
E) norepinephrine

Question 12

GABA is a biogenic amine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Closing of potassium channels causes a hyperpolarization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Once the neurotransmitter that has activated a slow receptor has been cleared from the synapse, the change in membrane potential (will immediately dissipate / can last a while before dissipating).

Accepted Answer

can last a

Question 15

In the absence of an active chloride transporter in the plasma membrane, chloride acts to membrane potential by resisting any change in membrane potential.

Accepted Answer

A) stabilize 
B) depolarize 
C) hyperpolarize 
D) alter 
E) modify 
A) stabilize 
B) depolarize 
C) hyperpolarize 
D) alter 
E) modify

Question 16

A number of modified epithelial cells, acting as sensory receptors, innervate a single neuron. Some of these cells release excitatory neurotransmitters, while others release inhibitory neurotransmitters. How are these responses integrated by the neuron to determine whether an action potential will be generated or not?

Accepted Answer

These modified epithelial cells will syn

Question 17

What is a change in the postsynaptic potential that brings membrane potential closer to threshold called?

Accepted Answer

A) inhibitory presynaptic potential 
B) hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential 
C) inhibitory postsynaptic potential 
D) suprathreshold postsynaptic potential 
E) excitatory postsynaptic potential 
A) inhibitory presynaptic potential 
B) hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential 
C) inhibitory postsynaptic potential 
D) suprathreshold postsynaptic potential 
E) excitatory postsynaptic potential

Question 18

Which of the following is a biogenic amine that is NOT classified as a catecholamine?

Accepted Answer

A) serotonin 
B) epinephrine 
C) dopamine 
D) adrenaline 
E) norepinephrine 
A) serotonin 
B) epinephrine 
C) dopamine 
D) adrenaline 
E) norepinephrine

Question 19

What type of receptor is both ionotropic and cholinergic?

Accepted Answer

A) dopaminergic 
B) nicotinic 
C) serotonergic 
D) muscarinic 
E) adrenergic 
A) dopaminergic 
B) nicotinic 
C) serotonergic 
D) muscarinic 
E) adrenergic

Question 20

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at excitatory synapses?

Accepted Answer

A) aspartate 
B) substance P 
C) acetylcholine 
D) norepinephrine 
E) glycine 
A) aspartate 
B) substance P 
C) acetylcholine 
D) norepinephrine 
E) glycine

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

When voltage- dependent calcium channels open, calcium moves out of the cell.

Synaptic vesicles store

Epinephrine binds best to which of the following receptor types?

Presynaptic modulation involves a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal of one neuron affecting the membrane potential of an axon terminal from another neuron on which the first has synapsed (axoaxonic synapse).

Histamine has receptors in the hypothalamus, RAS system, stomach, blood vessels, and bronchioles. What creates histamine's differing effects seen in each of these areas?

Which of the following is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates the sleep- wake cycle?

Which of the following compounds is NOT a neuropeptide?

The neurotransmitter that is released from the presynaptic neuron must diffuse across the to reach the postsynaptic neuron.

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a biogenic amine, but not a catecholamine?

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that contains a six- carbon ring with two hydroxyl groups and an amine group?

GABA is a biogenic amine.

Closing of potassium channels causes a hyperpolarization.

Once the neurotransmitter that has activated a slow receptor has been cleared from the synapse, the change in membrane potential (will immediately dissipate / can last a while before dissipating).

In the absence of an active chloride transporter in the plasma membrane, chloride acts to membrane potential by resisting any change in membrane potential.

What is a change in the postsynaptic potential that brings membrane potential closer to threshold called?

Which of the following is a biogenic amine that is NOT classified as a catecholamine?

What type of receptor is both ionotropic and cholinergic?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at excitatory synapses?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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