Question 1

Biogenic amines are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) extracellular space 
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) axon hillock 
D) cytosol of the axon terminal 
E) cytosol of the cell body 
A) extracellular space 
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) axon hillock 
D) cytosol of the axon terminal 
E) cytosol of the cell body

Question 2

Figure 8.1
-In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is cholinergic, what is the structure in Step 6?

Accepted Answer

A) dopa decarboxylase 
B) catechol- O- methyltransferase 
C) monoamine oxidase 
D) choline acetyl transferase 
E) acetylcholinesterase 
A) dopa decarboxylase 
B) catechol- O- methyltransferase 
C) monoamine oxidase 
D) choline acetyl transferase 
E) acetylcholinesterase

Question 3

Presynaptic modulation occurs at what type of synapse?

Accepted Answer

A) axodendritic 
B) axoaxonic 
C) axosomatic 
D) dendrodendritic 
E) dendrosomatic 
A) axodendritic 
B) axoaxonic 
C) axosomatic 
D) dendrodendritic 
E) dendrosomatic

Question 4

The similarity in structure between glutamate and GABA are indicative of the similarity in their function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What type of ion channels is necessary for the function of the axon and the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A) ligand- gated 
B) chemically- gated 
C) receptor- gated 
D) mechanically- gated 
E) voltage- gated 
A) ligand- gated 
B) chemically- gated 
C) receptor- gated 
D) mechanically- gated 
E) voltage- gated

Question 6

Once initiated, excitatory postsynaptic potentials last for hours, especially if a fast receptor is activated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Neurotransmitter release occurs by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) endocytosis 
B) secondary active transport 
C) diffusion 
D) exocytosis 
E) primary active transport 
A) endocytosis 
B) secondary active transport 
C) diffusion 
D) exocytosis 
E) primary active transport

Question 8

What chemical targets CB1 receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) carbonic acid 
B) carbon dioxide 
C) glutamate 
D) enkephalin 
E) tetrahydrocannabinol 
A) carbonic acid 
B) carbon dioxide 
C) glutamate 
D) enkephalin 
E) tetrahydrocannabinol

Question 9

must be actively taken up by cholinergic neurons in order to synthesize neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

A) Choline 
B) Acetyl 
C) DOPA 
D) Acetylcholine 
E) ATP 
A) Choline 
B) Acetyl 
C) DOPA 
D) Acetylcholine 
E) ATP

Question 10

Postsynaptic potentials generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe excitatory postsynaptic potentials and their temporal characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP

Question 11

Which of the following couplings between neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter class is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) histamine : biogenic amine 
B) adenosine : amino acid 
C) nitric oxide : gas 
D) norepinephrine : catecholamine 
E) enkephalin : neuropeptide 
A) histamine : biogenic amine 
B) adenosine : amino acid 
C) nitric oxide : gas 
D) norepinephrine : catecholamine 
E) enkephalin : neuropeptide

Question 12

The action of any chemical messenger ultimately depends not on the nature of the messenger, but rather on the

Accepted Answer

A) nerve cell stimulated. 
B) half- life of the messenger. 
C) affinity of the receptor. 
D) signal transduction mechanism activated. 
E) organ system activated. 
A) nerve cell stimulated. 
B) half- life of the messenger. 
C) affinity of the receptor. 
D) signal transduction mechanism activated. 
E) organ system activated.

Question 13

Adenosine is degraded by nucleotidases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Information travels through the nervous system along the axons as action potentials. These action potentials must be transmitted across the synaptic cleft. Describe the process whereby an action potential that has entered the axon terminal is able to induce a change in membrane potential in the postsynaptic membrane, following neurotransmitter binding to a metabotropic receptor.

Accepted Answer

indirectly through the activation of a s

Question 15

Presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release involves modifying at the axon terminal.

Accepted Answer

A) potassium channels 
B) membrane potential 
C) sodium channels 
D) calcium influx 
E) the vesicles selected for release 
A) potassium channels 
B) membrane potential 
C) sodium channels 
D) calcium influx 
E) the vesicles selected for release

Question 16

For ionotropic receptors, their response the likelihood that two pulses from the same neuron will summate.

Accepted Answer

A) rapid : decreases 
B) slow : increases 
C) rapid : does not affect 
D) rapid : increases 
E) slow : decreases 
A) rapid : decreases 
B) slow : increases 
C) rapid : does not affect 
D) rapid : increases 
E) slow : decreases

Question 17

Convergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) the communication of several neurons to one postsynaptic cell 
B) the summation of graded potentials to determine whether or not an action potential will be generated 
C) the presence of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron at the same time 
D) the level of depolarization required to generate an action potential 
E) the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal 
A) the communication of several neurons to one postsynaptic cell 
B) the summation of graded potentials to determine whether or not an action potential will be generated 
C) the presence of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron at the same time 
D) the level of depolarization required to generate an action potential 
E) the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal

Question 18

Once released, acetylcholine is degraded by extracellular enzymes into what product(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) acetyl CoA + choline 
B) acetate only 
C) choline only 
D) methylcholine + acetate 
E) acetate + choline 
A) acetyl CoA + choline 
B) acetate only 
C) choline only 
D) methylcholine + acetate 
E) acetate + choline

Question 19

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at inhibitory synapses?

Accepted Answer

A) aspartate 
B) norepinephrine 
C) substance P 
D) acetylcholine 
E) glycine 
A) aspartate 
B) norepinephrine 
C) substance P 
D) acetylcholine 
E) glycine

Question 20

At metabotropic receptors, a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor stimulates a G- protein, which then activates a second messenger through one or more enzymatic actions. 
B) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens channels that are a separate protein from the receptor. 
C) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are part of the same protein as the receptor. 
D) ion binding to a receptor opens channels in the plasma membrane. 
E) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are a separate protein from the receptor. 
A) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor stimulates a G- protein, which then activates a second messenger through one or more enzymatic actions. 
B) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens channels that are a separate protein from the receptor. 
C) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are part of the same protein as the receptor. 
D) ion binding to a receptor opens channels in the plasma membrane. 
E) neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are a separate protein from the receptor.

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Biogenic amines are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Figure 8.1 -In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is cholinergic, what is the structure in Step 6?

Presynaptic modulation occurs at what type of synapse?

The similarity in structure between glutamate and GABA are indicative of the similarity in their function.

What type of ion channels is necessary for the function of the axon and the axon terminal?

Once initiated, excitatory postsynaptic potentials last for hours, especially if a fast receptor is activated.

Neurotransmitter release occurs by what mechanism?

What chemical targets CB1 receptors?

must be actively taken up by cholinergic neurons in order to synthesize neurotransmitter.

Postsynaptic potentials generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe excitatory postsynaptic potentials and their temporal characteristics.

Which of the following couplings between neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter class is INCORRECT?

The action of any chemical messenger ultimately depends not on the nature of the messenger, but rather on the

Adenosine is degraded by nucleotidases.

Presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release involves modifying at the axon terminal.

For ionotropic receptors, their response the likelihood that two pulses from the same neuron will summate.

Convergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following?

Once released, acetylcholine is degraded by extracellular enzymes into what product(s)?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at inhibitory synapses?

At metabotropic receptors, a(n)

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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