Question 1

What type of receptor is both metabotropic and cholinergic?

Accepted Answer

A) dopaminergic 
B) muscarinic 
C) nicotinic 
D) adrenergic 
E) serotonergic 
A) dopaminergic 
B) muscarinic 
C) nicotinic 
D) adrenergic 
E) serotonergic

Question 2

Slow postsynaptic potentials can be caused by the opening or closing of ion channels, whereas fast postsynaptic potentials only involve the opening of ion channels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The duration of a slow, excitatory postsynaptic potential mediated by cAMP is driven by the extent of time that cAMP remains active before being degraded by what protein?

Accepted Answer

A) G protein 
B) protein kinase A 
C) adenylate cyclase 
D) protein kinase C 
E) phosphodiesterase 
A) G protein 
B) protein kinase A 
C) adenylate cyclase 
D) protein kinase C 
E) phosphodiesterase

Question 4

A neuron has no active transport systems for chloride ions. Opening of chloride channels
in response to a neurotransmitter binding to receptors on this neuron will produce (an IPSP
/ membrane stabilization)thereby inhibiting the neuron.

Accepted Answer

membrane s

Question 5

The action of adrenergic receptors identifies them as receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) ionotropic 
B) mechanically- gated 
C) chemotropic 
D) metabotropic 
E) voltage- gated 
A) ionotropic 
B) mechanically- gated 
C) chemotropic 
D) metabotropic 
E) voltage- gated

Question 6

Postsynaptic potentials, generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and how chloride channels can be inhibitory without producing an IPSP.

Accepted Answer

in the absence of an active chloride tra

Question 7

Neurons that synthesize and release acetylcholine are called neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) adrenergic 
B) gamma 
C) ACTH 
D) cholinergic 
E) dopaminergic 
A) adrenergic 
B) gamma 
C) ACTH 
D) cholinergic 
E) dopaminergic

Question 8

What two enzymes catalyze the breakdown of catecholamines?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholinesterase and dopa decarboxylase 
B) catechol- O- methyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase 
C) dopa decarboxylase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase 
D) monoamine oxidase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase 
E) monoamine oxidase and catechol- O- methyltransferase 
A) acetylcholinesterase and dopa decarboxylase 
B) catechol- O- methyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase 
C) dopa decarboxylase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase 
D) monoamine oxidase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase 
E) monoamine oxidase and catechol- O- methyltransferase

Question 9

The opening of a chloride channel acts to the development of an action potential at the axon hillock.

Accepted Answer

A) enhance 
B) inhibit 
C) facilitate 
D) stimulate 
E) further 
A) enhance 
B) inhibit 
C) facilitate 
D) stimulate 
E) further

Question 10

During presynaptic inhibition, the release of a neurotransmitter from the modulating neuron causes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a hyperpolarization of the neuron it is modulating 
B) a decrease in calcium entry into the axon terminal of the neuron it is modulating 
C) an EPSP on the postsynaptic cell 
D) an IPSP on the postsynaptic cell 
E) an increase in neurotransmitter release from the neuron it is modulating 
A) a hyperpolarization of the neuron it is modulating 
B) a decrease in calcium entry into the axon terminal of the neuron it is modulating 
C) an EPSP on the postsynaptic cell 
D) an IPSP on the postsynaptic cell 
E) an increase in neurotransmitter release from the neuron it is modulating

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby neurotransmitters are rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

A) active reuptake across the presynaptic membrane 
B) binding to the receptor 
C) transport back up the axon to be immediately repackaged 
D) diffusion out of the cleft 
E) degradation by enzymes 
A) active reuptake across the presynaptic membrane 
B) binding to the receptor 
C) transport back up the axon to be immediately repackaged 
D) diffusion out of the cleft 
E) degradation by enzymes

Question 12

The synaptic delay is caused by the time required for which step of neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

A) packaging of neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles 
B) calcium entry to trigger exocytosis 
C) an action potential to move from axon hillock to axon terminal 
D) the neurotransmitter to diffuse across the synaptic cleft 
E) the synthesis of neurotransmitter 
A) packaging of neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles 
B) calcium entry to trigger exocytosis 
C) an action potential to move from axon hillock to axon terminal 
D) the neurotransmitter to diffuse across the synaptic cleft 
E) the synthesis of neurotransmitter

Question 13

(Opening / Closing)of a potassium channel results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of (Opening / Closing)of a potassium channel results...

Question 14

Which of the following statements about inhibitory synapses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The postsynaptic cell is less likely to generate an action potential. 
B) The membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell can be hyperpolarized. 
C) In presynaptic inhibition, the lower level potential generated interferes with the oncoming action potential. 
D) Opening of chloride channels can generate an IPSP. 
E) Opening of potassium channels can generate an IPSP. 
A) The postsynaptic cell is less likely to generate an action potential. 
B) The membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell can be hyperpolarized. 
C) In presynaptic inhibition, the lower level potential generated interferes with the oncoming action potential. 
D) Opening of chloride channels can generate an IPSP. 
E) Opening of potassium channels can generate an IPSP.

Question 15

IPSPs can only summate with IPSPs, and EPSPs can only summate with EPSPs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following GABA receptor types is coupled to chloride channels?

Accepted Answer

A) GABAA only 
B) GABAB only 
C) GABAC only 
D) both GABAA and GABAB 
E) both GABAA and GABAC 
A) GABAA only 
B) GABAB only 
C) GABAC only 
D) both GABAA and GABAB 
E) both GABAA and GABAC

Question 17

The higher the frequency of action potentials generated, the (more / less)neurotransmitter released at a synapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The higher the frequency of action potentials...

Question 18

When one neuron has several axon collaterals that communicate with several other neurons, it is called divergence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of an action potential being generated in a postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell that actively transports chloride ions out of the cell 
B) opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell with no active transport of chloride ions 
C) opening of potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell 
D) presynaptic excitation at an excitatory synapse 
E) presynaptic inhibition at an excitatory synapse 
A) opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell that actively transports chloride ions out of the cell 
B) opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell with no active transport of chloride ions 
C) opening of potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell 
D) presynaptic excitation at an excitatory synapse 
E) presynaptic inhibition at an excitatory synapse

Question 20

What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft only?

Accepted Answer

A) monoamine oxidase 
B) acetylcholinesterase 
C) adenylate cyclase 
D) catechol- O- methyltransferase 
E) choline acetyl transferase 
A) monoamine oxidase 
B) acetylcholinesterase 
C) adenylate cyclase 
D) catechol- O- methyltransferase 
E) choline acetyl transferase

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

What type of receptor is both metabotropic and cholinergic?

Slow postsynaptic potentials can be caused by the opening or closing of ion channels, whereas fast postsynaptic potentials only involve the opening of ion channels.

The duration of a slow, excitatory postsynaptic potential mediated by cAMP is driven by the extent of time that cAMP remains active before being degraded by what protein?

A neuron has no active transport systems for chloride ions. Opening of chloride channels in response to a neurotransmitter binding to receptors on this neuron will produce (an IPSP / membrane stabilization)thereby inhibiting the neuron.

The action of adrenergic receptors identifies them as receptors.

Postsynaptic potentials, generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and how chloride channels can be inhibitory without producing an IPSP.

Neurons that synthesize and release acetylcholine are called neurons.

What two enzymes catalyze the breakdown of catecholamines?

The opening of a chloride channel acts to the development of an action potential at the axon hillock.

During presynaptic inhibition, the release of a neurotransmitter from the modulating neuron causes which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby neurotransmitters are rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft?

The synaptic delay is caused by the time required for which step of neurotransmitter release?

(Opening / Closing)of a potassium channel results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential.

Which of the following statements about inhibitory synapses is FALSE?

IPSPs can only summate with IPSPs, and EPSPs can only summate with EPSPs.

Which of the following GABA receptor types is coupled to chloride channels?

The higher the frequency of action potentials generated, the (more / less)neurotransmitter released at a synapse.

When one neuron has several axon collaterals that communicate with several other neurons, it is called divergence.

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of an action potential being generated in a postsynaptic cell?

What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft only?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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