Question 1

Hydrogen bonding between the amino hydrogen of one amino acid and the carboxyl oxygen of another is responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) holding the two strands of DNA together by the law of complementary base pairing 
B) twisting the DNA into a helical structure 
C) primary protein structure 
D) secondary protein structure 
E) tertiary protein structure 
A) holding the two strands of DNA together by the law of complementary base pairing 
B) twisting the DNA into a helical structure 
C) primary protein structure 
D) secondary protein structure 
E) tertiary protein structure

Question 2

Every adenine nucleotide of DNA will be transcribed into a thymine on the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with what other membrane(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope 
B) nucleolus and nuclear pore 
C) plasma membrane 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) matrix 
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope 
B) nucleolus and nuclear pore 
C) plasma membrane 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) matrix

Question 4

What is the level of structure that corresponds to the sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) quinary 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) quinary

Question 5

The innermost compartment of a mitochondrion is called the matrix.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Carbohydrates and lipids are important biomolecules that store energy for the body to use later. Describe the structures and properties of carbohydrates and lipids, including the different forms of these biomolecules that are present within the body.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates have the general structure

Question 7

Which of the following packages proteins into secretory vesicles?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) mitochondria 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisomes 
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) mitochondria 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisomes

Question 8

Which of the following characteristics concerning ribosomes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) can remain free in the cytosol 
B) are the site of protein synthesis 
C) can be located in the Golgi apparatus 
D) contain protein 
E) contain ribosomal RNA 
A) can remain free in the cytosol 
B) are the site of protein synthesis 
C) can be located in the Golgi apparatus 
D) contain protein 
E) contain ribosomal RNA

Question 9

Why are nucleotides (and their polymers)called nucleic acids when they contain nitrogenous bases?

Accepted Answer

A) Acids always win out over a base. 
B) Phosphoric acid groups (becoming phosphates)are much stronger than nitrogen acts as a base. 
C) Nitrogenous base is really a misnomer. 
D) Acids ending in "- ic" are the ionized versions of those molecules ending in "- ate." 
E) There are more acids on the molecule than bases. 
A) Acids always win out over a base. 
B) Phosphoric acid groups (becoming phosphates)are much stronger than nitrogen acts as a base. 
C) Nitrogenous base is really a misnomer. 
D) Acids ending in "- ic" are the ionized versions of those molecules ending in "- ate." 
E) There are more acids on the molecule than bases.

Question 10

Components of the electron transport chain are found in what region of a mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

A) intermembrane space 
B) inner mitochondrial membrane 
C) cristae 
D) matrix 
E) outer membrane 
A) intermembrane space 
B) inner mitochondrial membrane 
C) cristae 
D) matrix 
E) outer membrane

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the initiation factors associated with translation of protein from mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) They bind to the cap group at the 5' end. 
B) They form a complex with charged tRNA. 
C) They form a complex with small ribosomal subunits. 
D) They align the first tRNA with the A site on a ribosome. 
E) They trigger binding of the small ribosomal subunit to AUG. 
A) They bind to the cap group at the 5' end. 
B) They form a complex with charged tRNA. 
C) They form a complex with small ribosomal subunits. 
D) They align the first tRNA with the A site on a ribosome. 
E) They trigger binding of the small ribosomal subunit to AUG.

Question 12

Where inside a cell is glycogen stored?

Accepted Answer

A) Golgi apparatus 
B) cytosol 
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D) lysosomes 
E) mitochondria 
A) Golgi apparatus 
B) cytosol 
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D) lysosomes 
E) mitochondria

Question 13

Lipophobic molecules that are to be released by cells are stored in membrane- bound structures called

Accepted Answer

A) inclusions. 
B) secretory vesicles. 
C) the Golgi apparatus. 
D) excretory vesicles. 
E) the endoplasmic reticulum. 
A) inclusions. 
B) secretory vesicles. 
C) the Golgi apparatus. 
D) excretory vesicles. 
E) the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

Which of the following packages proteins into transport vesicles?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) mitochondria 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisomes 
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) lysosomes 
C) mitochondria 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisomes

Question 15

Where is the leader sequence of preproinsulin removed?

Accepted Answer

A) cis face of the Golgi apparatus 
B) lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) at the proteasome 
D) surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E) secretory vesicles of the Golgi apparatus 
A) cis face of the Golgi apparatus 
B) lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) at the proteasome 
D) surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E) secretory vesicles of the Golgi apparatus

Question 16

Continuous with the outer portion of the nuclear pore, what membrane- bound structure functions in the synthesis of secretory proteins, integral membrane proteins, or proteins bound for other organelles?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) mitochondria 
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D) lysosome 
E) nucleolus 
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) mitochondria 
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D) lysosome 
E) nucleolus

Question 17

The membrane of a cell is an important structure that isolates the cell's cytosol from the external environment. The components of membranes are important determinants of their function. What are the components of a membrane and how do those components function?

Accepted Answer

Cell membranes are composed of phospholi

Question 18

is composed of a nucleotide, where the phosphate is bound to two spots on the ribose sugar.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) cAMP 
C) tRNA 
D) ADP 
E) mRNA 
A) DNA 
B) cAMP 
C) tRNA 
D) ADP 
E) mRNA

Question 19

When insulin is first translated by ribosomes, the initial inactive polypeptide that is formed is called preinsulin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The semiconservative nature of the replication of DNA means that a new strand is coupled to an old strand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: The Cell: Structure and Function

Hydrogen bonding between the amino hydrogen of one amino acid and the carboxyl oxygen of another is responsible for which of the following?

Every adenine nucleotide of DNA will be transcribed into a thymine on the mRNA.

The membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with what other membrane(s)?

What is the level of structure that corresponds to the sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide chain?

The innermost compartment of a mitochondrion is called the matrix.

Carbohydrates and lipids are important biomolecules that store energy for the body to use later. Describe the structures and properties of carbohydrates and lipids, including the different forms of these biomolecules that are present within the body.

Which of the following packages proteins into secretory vesicles?

Which of the following characteristics concerning ribosomes is FALSE?

Why are nucleotides (and their polymers)called nucleic acids when they contain nitrogenous bases?

Components of the electron transport chain are found in what region of a mitochondrion?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the initiation factors associated with translation of protein from mRNA?

Where inside a cell is glycogen stored?

Lipophobic molecules that are to be released by cells are stored in membrane- bound structures called

Which of the following packages proteins into transport vesicles?

Where is the leader sequence of preproinsulin removed?

Continuous with the outer portion of the nuclear pore, what membrane- bound structure functions in the synthesis of secretory proteins, integral membrane proteins, or proteins bound for other organelles?

The membrane of a cell is an important structure that isolates the cell's cytosol from the external environment. The components of membranes are important determinants of their function. What are the components of a membrane and how do those components function?

is composed of a nucleotide, where the phosphate is bound to two spots on the ribose sugar.

When insulin is first translated by ribosomes, the initial inactive polypeptide that is formed is called preinsulin.

The semiconservative nature of the replication of DNA means that a new strand is coupled to an old strand.

Introduction to Physiology

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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