Question 1

At which neuronal structure does summation occur? ​

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites 
B) cell body 
C) axon hillock 
D) Schwann cells 
E) axon terminals 
A) dendrites 
B) cell body 
C) axon hillock 
D) Schwann cells 
E) axon terminals

Question 2

During an action potential, the membrane potential can reach as high as ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) - 10 mV 
B) 0 mV 
C) +10 mV 
D) +20 mV 
E) +30 mV 
A) - 10 mV 
B) 0 mV 
C) +10 mV 
D) +20 mV 
E) +30 mV

Question 3

Assume a neuron receives EPSPs and IPSPs from several adjacent neurons. How might that neuron's threshold potential be reached, causing it to produce its own action potential?

Accepted Answer

A) if IPSPs outnumber EPSPs 
B) if IPSPs equal EPSPs 
C) if EPSPs outnumber IPSPs 
D) if the adjacent neurons contain many axon terminals 
E) if the receiving neuron contains many dendrites 
A) if IPSPs outnumber EPSPs 
B) if IPSPs equal EPSPs 
C) if EPSPs outnumber IPSPs 
D) if the adjacent neurons contain many axon terminals 
E) if the receiving neuron contains many dendrites

Question 4

A toxin interferes with the opening of Na+ channels in the postsynaptic membrane so they open more slowly when bound to a neurotransmitter. What effect would there be on action potential formation in the postsynaptic membrane?

Accepted Answer

This would cause a postsynapti

Question 5

Valium is a drug that causes voltage-gated Cl  -  channels to open. What effects would this cause in a postsynaptic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Valium would cause hyperpolari

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: occurs when a membrane potential becomes more negative than its resting membrane potential

Accepted Answer

The Answer of repolarization and depolarization and hyperpolarization is...

Question 7

To which class of neurotransmitters does substance P belong?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) monoamines 
C) amino acids 
D) neuropeptides 
E) gaseous neurotransmitters 
A) acetylcholine 
B) monoamines 
C) amino acids 
D) neuropeptides 
E) gaseous neurotransmitters

Question 8

When threshold potential is reached, ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) the activation gates of Na+ channels open 
B) the inactivation gates of Na+ channels open 
C) the activation gates of K+ channels open 
D) Na+/K+ active transport pumps are activated 
A) the activation gates of Na+ channels open 
B) the inactivation gates of Na+ channels open 
C) the activation gates of K+ channels open 
D) Na+/K+ active transport pumps are activated

Question 9

When measuring membrane potential, the tip of a microelectrode is inserted into a(n)____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) axon 
B) node of Ranvier 
C) Schwann cell 
D) dendrite 
E) glial cell 
A) axon 
B) node of Ranvier 
C) Schwann cell 
D) dendrite 
E) glial cell

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: describes the change in resting membrane potential that causes it to approach threshold potential

Accepted Answer

The Answer of repolarization and hyperpolarization and depolarization is...

Question 11

What will be the effect of a drug that prevents the release of intracellular calcium? ​

Accepted Answer

A) a decreased number of IPSPs 
B) a decreased number of EPSPs 
C) a prolonged hyperpolarization 
D) increased neurotransmitter release 
E) decreased neurotransmitter release 
A) a decreased number of IPSPs 
B) a decreased number of EPSPs 
C) a prolonged hyperpolarization 
D) increased neurotransmitter release 
E) decreased neurotransmitter release

Question 12

Which type of neuron directly stimulates a muscle or gland? ​

Accepted Answer

A) ​afferent neurons only 
B) efferent neurons only ​ 
C) interneurons 
D) afferent and efferent neurons 
E) afferent neurons and interneurons 
A) ​afferent neurons only 
B) efferent neurons only ​ 
C) interneurons 
D) afferent and efferent neurons 
E) afferent neurons and interneurons

Question 13

Action potential propagation is the fastest in ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) a myelinated axon with a small diameter 
B) an unmyelinated axon with a small diameter 
C) a myelinated axon with a large diameter 
D) an unmyelinated axon with a large diameter 
E) all myelinated axons regardless of diameter 
A) a myelinated axon with a small diameter 
B) an unmyelinated axon with a small diameter 
C) a myelinated axon with a large diameter 
D) an unmyelinated axon with a large diameter 
E) all myelinated axons regardless of diameter

Question 14

The duration of an action potential is approximately five ____.

Accepted Answer

A) microseconds 
B) milliseconds 
C) centiseconds 
D) seconds 
E) nanoseconds 
A) microseconds 
B) milliseconds 
C) centiseconds 
D) seconds 
E) nanoseconds

Question 15

If a drug binds to a receptor, which normally triggers the opening of a Na+ channel, causing it to open in the absence of neurotransmitter release, what is the most likely result? ​

Accepted Answer

A) an increased number of IPSPs 
B) an increased number of EPSPs 
C) a prolonged hyperpolarization 
D) a decreased number of IPSPs 
E) a decreased number of EPSPs 
A) an increased number of IPSPs 
B) an increased number of EPSPs 
C) a prolonged hyperpolarization 
D) a decreased number of IPSPs 
E) a decreased number of EPSPs

Question 16

An abrupt and transient change in membrane potential is called a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) electrical potential 
B) refractory potential 
C) threshold potential 
D) resting potential 
E) action potential 
A) electrical potential 
B) refractory potential 
C) threshold potential 
D) resting potential 
E) action potential

Question 17

The binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated K+ channels will cause ____ in the postsynaptic membrane. ​

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization only 
B) hyperpolarization 
C) repolarization only 
D) apolarization 
E) depolarization and repolarization 
A) depolarization only 
B) hyperpolarization 
C) repolarization only 
D) apolarization 
E) depolarization and repolarization

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: begins when Na +S1S1P0 channel inactivation gates close and K +S1S1P0 activation gates open

Accepted Answer

The Answer of hyperpolarization and depolarization and repolarization is...

Question 19

If a drug binds irreversibly to a postsynaptic receptor to prevent the binding of an excitatory neurotransmitter, what is the most likely result? ​

Accepted Answer

A) an increased number of IPSPs 
B) an increased number of EPSPs 
C) a prolonged hyperpolarization 
D) a decreased number of IPSPs 
E) a decreased number of EPSPs 
A) an increased number of IPSPs 
B) an increased number of EPSPs 
C) a prolonged hyperpolarization 
D) a decreased number of IPSPs 
E) a decreased number of EPSPs

Question 20

​  Figure 39.1
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. At which point in this action potential diagram are Na+ inactivation gates opening?

Accepted Answer

A) ​A 
B) ​B 
C) ​C 
D) ​D 
E) ​E 
A) ​A 
B) ​B 
C) ​C 
D) ​D 
E) ​E

Exam 39: Information Flow and the Neuron

At which neuronal structure does summation occur? ​

During an action potential, the membrane potential can reach as high as ____. ​

Assume a neuron receives EPSPs and IPSPs from several adjacent neurons. How might that neuron's threshold potential be reached, causing it to produce its own action potential?

A toxin interferes with the opening of Na+ channels in the postsynaptic membrane so they open more slowly when bound to a neurotransmitter. What effect would there be on action potential formation in the postsynaptic membrane?

Valium is a drug that causes voltage-gated Cl - channels to open. What effects would this cause in a postsynaptic membrane?

To which class of neurotransmitters does substance P belong?

When threshold potential is reached, ____. ​

When measuring membrane potential, the tip of a microelectrode is inserted into a(n)____. ​

What will be the effect of a drug that prevents the release of intracellular calcium? ​

Which type of neuron directly stimulates a muscle or gland? ​

Action potential propagation is the fastest in ____. ​

The duration of an action potential is approximately five ____.

If a drug binds to a receptor, which normally triggers the opening of a Na+ channel, causing it to open in the absence of neurotransmitter release, what is the most likely result? ​

An abrupt and transient change in membrane potential is called a(n)____.

The binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated K+ channels will cause ____ in the postsynaptic membrane. ​

If a drug binds irreversibly to a postsynaptic receptor to prevent the binding of an excitatory neurotransmitter, what is the most likely result? ​

​ Figure 39.1 Answer the question using the accompanying figure. At which point in this action potential diagram are Na+ inactivation gates opening?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

From DNA to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

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Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

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Filters

At which neuronal structure does summation occur?

During an action potential, the membrane potential can reach as high as ____.

A toxin interferes with the opening of Na⁺ channels in the postsynaptic membrane so they open more slowly when bound to a neurotransmitter. What effect would there be on action potential formation in the postsynaptic membrane?

Valium is a drug that causes voltage-gated Cl ^- channels to open. What effects would this cause in a postsynaptic membrane?

When threshold potential is reached, ____.

When measuring membrane potential, the tip of a microelectrode is inserted into a(n)____.

What will be the effect of a drug that prevents the release of intracellular calcium?

Which type of neuron directly stimulates a muscle or gland?

Action potential propagation is the fastest in ____.

If a drug binds to a receptor, which normally triggers the opening of a Na⁺ channel, causing it to open in the absence of neurotransmitter release, what is the most likely result?

The binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated K⁺ channels will cause ____ in the postsynaptic membrane.

If a drug binds irreversibly to a postsynaptic receptor to prevent the binding of an excitatory neurotransmitter, what is the most likely result?

Figure 39.1 Answer the question using the accompanying figure. At which point in this action potential diagram are Na⁺ inactivation gates opening?