Exam 48: Regulating the Internal Environment

Compared to uric acid, producing urea as the main form of nitrogenous waste requires ____. ​

In humans, an increase of body temperature a few degrees above normal for a prolonged period produces a state called ____. ​

As filtrate moves through the ____ in mammals, it generally undergoes a dramatic decrease in osmolarity. ​

Aquaporins are ____. ​

Nephrons are found in ____. ​

All animals gain or lose heat by a combination of four general mechanisms

Considering solutions on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, a solution of higher osmolarity is said to be hyperosmotic to a solution of lower osmolarity

Research has demonstrated that ____ play a role in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease in mice models. ​

Protonephridia are found in ____. ​

Cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete ____ in response to a significant drop in blood pressure or blood volume. ​

The process of ____ is the flow of heat between atoms or molecules in direct contact. ​

The main form of nitrogenous wastes released by mammals to their environment is ____. ​

In mammals, the filtrate leaves the blood by exiting from the ____. ​

In mammals, the glomerulus is located within the ____. ​

Physiological changes that occur in ectotherms in response to  seasonal temperature shifts are called ____. ​

True kidneys have tubules called ____. ​

Which waste products result from the breakdown of proteins in animals? ​

The adrenal cortex produces ____ to trigger increased Na⁺ reabsorption in the kidneys. ​