Exam 48: Regulating the Internal Environment

Polycystic kidney disease results in kidney failure due to ____. ​

Suppose a cell's membrane is permeable to water, but not to Na⁺ or Cl ^- or any other solute. The NaCl concentration is higher outside the cell than inside the cell, and the osmolarity of the cell is higher than that of the solution surrounding the cell. What will occur? ​

Freshwater fishes deal with the osmotic stress of living in hypoosmotic conditions in part by ____. ​

Produced in the posterior pituitary, ____ increases water absorption in the kidneys. ​

The selective movement of specific small molecules and ions into excretory system tubules is called ____. ​

Where in the mammalian kidney would you expect to find cells with the highest concentration of osmolytes such as sorbitol? ​

The ____ of the mammalian nephron receives the filtrate first. ​

Would drinking a gallon of tap water, a gallon of sea water, or a gallon of beer produce the most urine? Which would produce the least urine? Why?

An extended period of torpor entered by an animal during the winter when the environment is too cold and food is scarce is called ____. ​

The descending segment of the longest loops of Henle descend into the ____. ​

The movement of some molecules and ions out of excretory system tubules and back into body fluids is called ____. ​

You examine an animal and find that it an excretory tubule with a closed proximal end immersed in hemolymph and a distal end that empties into the gut. You correctly identify this tubule as a ____. ​

An example of an ectotherm is a(n)____. ​

In mammals, urine drains out of the ____ into a collecting duct. ​

Winged arthropods rely solely on behavioral mechanisms for thermoregulation. ​

Flatworms and mussels have cellular and extracellular fluids with osmolarity lower than that of the external environment

The relatively simple excretory system used by flatworms consists of tubules called ____. ​