Question 1

Which of the following is MOST likely to stimulate a memory T cell?

Accepted Answer

A) B cell 
B) Dendritic cell 
C) Memory cell 
D) All of the answers are equally likely to stimulate a memory T cell. 
E) None of the answers will stimulate a memory T cell. 
A) B cell 
B) Dendritic cell 
C) Memory cell 
D) All of the answers are equally likely to stimulate a memory T cell. 
E) None of the answers will stimulate a memory T cell.

Question 2

Which type of T helper cell regulates allergic reactions and protects against extracellular pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A) TH1 
B) TH2 
C) TH17 
D) TREG 
E) TFH 
A) TH1 
B) TH2 
C) TH17 
D) TREG 
E) TFH

Question 3

Naïve T cells are highly mobile and continuously circulate our blood, lymph, and secondary organs while scanning for stimulating antigens.Speculate the rationale for the large-scale mobility phenotype.

Accepted Answer

Because only approx.1 in 10⁵ naïve T cell

Question 4

CD4+ T cells become helper T cells in response to

Accepted Answer

A) exposure to antigen. 
B) exposure to MHC class II peptide. 
C) exposure to any MHC peptide. 
D) exposure to MZ B cells. 
E) exposure to TNF- ? 
A) exposure to antigen. 
B) exposure to MHC class II peptide. 
C) exposure to any MHC peptide. 
D) exposure to MZ B cells. 
E) exposure to TNF- ?

Question 5

How can advances in understanding how helper T-cell differentiation is regulated be applied to the use of vaccine adjuvants? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Investigators in this field anticipate t

Question 6

Costimulatory signals are required to achieve optimal T-cell activation (via exposure to antigen) and are considered part of which of the three steps essential to this process?

Accepted Answer

A) Signal 1 
B) Signal 2 
C) Signal 3 
D) Both signal 1 and signal 2 
E) Both signal 2 and signal 3 
A) Signal 1 
B) Signal 2 
C) Signal 3 
D) Both signal 1 and signal 2 
E) Both signal 2 and signal 3

Question 7

Which cell type can activate a memory T cell?

Accepted Answer

A) B cell 
B) Dendritic cell 
C) Macrophage 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) B cell 
B) Dendritic cell 
C) Macrophage 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

Based on your knowledge of CTLA-4 and PD-1, could blocking the activity of these molecules have any potential uses in clinical scenarios? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Yes.Inhibition of their inhibitory effec

Question 9

T cells are frequently at fault for causing damage in autoimmune disorders and in transplant rejection.As an immunologist, your dream is to discover a method for decreasing T-cell response to self-antigens.Which of the following would be the BEST target for your research?

Accepted Answer

A) Activated B cells because they make T-cell receptor molecules 
B) Antibody mediated apoptosis of dendritic cells 
C) CTLA-4 antagonists that block the action of CTLA-4 
D) Ligands that block the binding of one costimulatory molecule 
E) Radiation therapy directed at all T cells 
A) Activated B cells because they make T-cell receptor molecules 
B) Antibody mediated apoptosis of dendritic cells 
C) CTLA-4 antagonists that block the action of CTLA-4 
D) Ligands that block the binding of one costimulatory molecule 
E) Radiation therapy directed at all T cells

Question 10

Follicular helper T cells are a recent discovery in the helper T-cell lineage.What is the primary role of TFH cells?

Accepted Answer

A) To help B-cell development in germinal centers 
B) To regulate TREG cell activity 
C) To stimulate dendritic cell production 
D) To suppress B-cell activation after pathogen has been cleared 
E) To suppress TC cells after an infection has been cleared 
A) To help B-cell development in germinal centers 
B) To regulate TREG cell activity 
C) To stimulate dendritic cell production 
D) To suppress B-cell activation after pathogen has been cleared 
E) To suppress TC cells after an infection has been cleared

Question 11

Which of the following is required for T-cell activation?

Accepted Answer

A) Antigen-specific TCR binding to MHC peptide 
B) Expression of CD4+ or CD8+ 
C) Interaction with CD80, CD86, or ICOS-L 
D) Both antigen-specific TCR binding to MHC peptide and expression of CD4+ or CD8+ are correct. 
E) Both antigen-specific TCR binding to MHC peptide and Interaction with CD80, CD86, or ICOS-L are correct. 
A) Antigen-specific TCR binding to MHC peptide 
B) Expression of CD4+ or CD8+ 
C) Interaction with CD80, CD86, or ICOS-L 
D) Both antigen-specific TCR binding to MHC peptide and expression of CD4+ or CD8+ are correct. 
E) Both antigen-specific TCR binding to MHC peptide and Interaction with CD80, CD86, or ICOS-L are correct.

Question 12

Memory T cells, effector T cells, and naïve T cells share several characteristics.Which of the following descriptions could ONLY be said of memory T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Memory T cells are activated by any APC. 
B) Memory T cells are only found in one location and do not circulate. 
C) Memory T cells express CD44, CD62L, and CCR7. 
D) Memory T cells recognize MHC class I or class II peptides displaying antigen molecules. 
E) Memory T cells depend upon costimulatory signals from CD2/ LFA-3, CD45R/ CD22, and LFA-1/ ICAM-2. 
A) Memory T cells are activated by any APC. 
B) Memory T cells are only found in one location and do not circulate. 
C) Memory T cells express CD44, CD62L, and CCR7. 
D) Memory T cells recognize MHC class I or class II peptides displaying antigen molecules. 
E) Memory T cells depend upon costimulatory signals from CD2/ LFA-3, CD45R/ CD22, and LFA-1/ ICAM-2.

Question 13

PD-1 is a negative costimulatory signal expressed by tumor cells.What advantage would the expression of PD-1 have in a tumor cell avoiding the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) Tumor cells can avoid being killed by activated TC cells. 
B) Tumor cells can avoid apoptosis triggered by TH cells. 
C) Tumor cells avoid phagocytosis by dendritic cells. 
D) Tumor cells are stimulated to reproduce faster than tumor cells that do not express PD-1. 
E) None.Tumor cells are recognized as self and, therefore, do not pose a health threat. 
A) Tumor cells can avoid being killed by activated TC cells. 
B) Tumor cells can avoid apoptosis triggered by TH cells. 
C) Tumor cells avoid phagocytosis by dendritic cells. 
D) Tumor cells are stimulated to reproduce faster than tumor cells that do not express PD-1. 
E) None.Tumor cells are recognized as self and, therefore, do not pose a health threat.

Question 14

A family member has been infected by a protozoan pathogen.Using correct terminology, summarize the subset of T cells that is likely to be activated by this type of pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Overall, what is called a type 2 respons

Question 15

TH17 cells are involved with all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) autoimmunity. 
B) delayed-type hypersensitivity. 
C) inflammatory response. 
D) protection against fungal infections. 
E) protection against bacterial infections. 
A) autoimmunity. 
B) delayed-type hypersensitivity. 
C) inflammatory response. 
D) protection against fungal infections. 
E) protection against bacterial infections.

Question 16

Endogenous and exogenous superantigens can directly activate the host T-cell response.Why might a pathogen purposely invite a host T-cell response?

Accepted Answer

Although not definitive, there is some e

Question 17

Consider memory T-cell subsets.How do the subsets thus far identified differ from one another?

Accepted Answer

In general, memory T-cell subsets differ

Question 18

All of the following are functions of TH1 cells EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) contributes to autoimmunity. 
B) enhances APC activity. 
C) enhances TC activity. 
D) involved with delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. 
E) protects against intracellular pathogens. 
A) contributes to autoimmunity. 
B) enhances APC activity. 
C) enhances TC activity. 
D) involved with delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. 
E) protects against intracellular pathogens.

Question 19

What event initiates an adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) The interaction of a B cell with a TH cell 
B) The expression of cytokines CD4 or CD8 
C) The production of MHC class I or II molecules 
D) The interaction of a naïve T cell with an antigen-presenting cell 
E) The phagocytosis of a pathogen by a macrophage 
A) The interaction of a B cell with a TH cell 
B) The expression of cytokines CD4 or CD8 
C) The production of MHC class I or II molecules 
D) The interaction of a naïve T cell with an antigen-presenting cell 
E) The phagocytosis of a pathogen by a macrophage

Question 20

Which of the following molecules provide costimulatory signals to naïve T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) CD28 
B) ICOS 
C) CTLA-4 
D) PD-1 
E) Both CD28 and ICOS are correct. 
A) CD28 
B) ICOS 
C) CTLA-4 
D) PD-1 
E) Both CD28 and ICOS are correct.

Which of the following is MOST likely to stimulate a memory T cell?

Which type of T helper cell regulates allergic reactions and protects against extracellular pathogens?

Naïve T cells are highly mobile and continuously circulate our blood, lymph, and secondary organs while scanning for stimulating antigens.Speculate the rationale for the large-scale mobility phenotype.

CD4⁺ T cells become helper T cells in response to

How can advances in understanding how helper T-cell differentiation is regulated be applied to the use of vaccine adjuvants? Explain.

Costimulatory signals are required to achieve optimal T-cell activation (via exposure to antigen) and are considered part of which of the three steps essential to this process?

Which cell type can activate a memory T cell?

Based on your knowledge of CTLA-4 and PD-1, could blocking the activity of these molecules have any potential uses in clinical scenarios? Explain.

T cells are frequently at fault for causing damage in autoimmune disorders and in transplant rejection.As an immunologist, your dream is to discover a method for decreasing T-cell response to self-antigens.Which of the following would be the BEST target for your research?

Follicular helper T cells are a recent discovery in the helper T-cell lineage.What is the primary role of T_FH cells?

Which of the following is required for T-cell activation?

Memory T cells, effector T cells, and naïve T cells share several characteristics.Which of the following descriptions could ONLY be said of memory T cells?

PD-1 is a negative costimulatory signal expressed by tumor cells.What advantage would the expression of PD-1 have in a tumor cell avoiding the immune response?

A family member has been infected by a protozoan pathogen.Using correct terminology, summarize the subset of T cells that is likely to be activated by this type of pathogen?

T_H17 cells are involved with all of the following EXCEPT

Endogenous and exogenous superantigens can directly activate the host T-cell response.Why might a pathogen purposely invite a host T-cell response?

Consider memory T-cell subsets.How do the subsets thus far identified differ from one another?

All of the following are functions of T_H1 cells EXCEPT:

What event initiates an adaptive immune response?

Which of the following molecules provide costimulatory signals to naïve T cells?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

Exam 10: T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Which of the following is MOST likely to stimulate a memory T cell?

Which type of T helper cell regulates allergic reactions and protects against extracellular pathogens?

Naïve T cells are highly mobile and continuously circulate our blood, lymph, and secondary organs while scanning for stimulating antigens.Speculate the rationale for the large-scale mobility phenotype.

CD4+ T cells become helper T cells in response to

How can advances in understanding how helper T-cell differentiation is regulated be applied to the use of vaccine adjuvants? Explain.

Costimulatory signals are required to achieve optimal T-cell activation (via exposure to antigen) and are considered part of which of the three steps essential to this process?

Which cell type can activate a memory T cell?

Based on your knowledge of CTLA-4 and PD-1, could blocking the activity of these molecules have any potential uses in clinical scenarios? Explain.

T cells are frequently at fault for causing damage in autoimmune disorders and in transplant rejection.As an immunologist, your dream is to discover a method for decreasing T-cell response to self-antigens.Which of the following would be the BEST target for your research?

Follicular helper T cells are a recent discovery in the helper T-cell lineage.What is the primary role of TFH cells?

Which of the following is required for T-cell activation?

Memory T cells, effector T cells, and naïve T cells share several characteristics.Which of the following descriptions could ONLY be said of memory T cells?

PD-1 is a negative costimulatory signal expressed by tumor cells.What advantage would the expression of PD-1 have in a tumor cell avoiding the immune response?

A family member has been infected by a protozoan pathogen.Using correct terminology, summarize the subset of T cells that is likely to be activated by this type of pathogen?

TH17 cells are involved with all of the following EXCEPT

Endogenous and exogenous superantigens can directly activate the host T-cell response.Why might a pathogen purposely invite a host T-cell response?

Consider memory T-cell subsets.How do the subsets thus far identified differ from one another?

All of the following are functions of TH1 cells EXCEPT:

What event initiates an adaptive immune response?

Which of the following molecules provide costimulatory signals to naïve T cells?

Overview of the Immune System

Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System

Recognition and Response

Innate Immunity

The Complement System

The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation

T-Cell Development

B-Cell Development

B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory

Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Mucosal Immunity and the Microbiome

The Immune Response in Time and Space

Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation

Infectious Diseases and Vaccines

Immunodeficiency Disorders

Cancer and the Immune System

Experimental Methods and Systems

Filters

CD4⁺ T cells become helper T cells in response to

Follicular helper T cells are a recent discovery in the helper T-cell lineage.What is the primary role of T_FH cells?

T_H17 cells are involved with all of the following EXCEPT

All of the following are functions of T_H1 cells EXCEPT: