Exam 6: A: Conditioning and Learning

A puff of air will make your eye blink every time it hits your eye.If we sound a horn before each puff of air hits your eye several times,you will soon blink to the horn alone.Thus,blinking to the horn illustrates

Many of the emotional attitudes that people develop toward foods,political parties,and ethnic groups were developed in childhood by observing how their parents responded to these same foods or groups.Thus,these reactions were probably conditioned

The learned expectancy in operant conditioning is that the

During and after conditioning,the bell served as which of the following in Ivan Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?

To produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment,an experimenter would present the

The nature of learning involves the probability of making a response being altered by the consequences that follow this response during which type of learning?

In 1920,which psychologist classically conditioned a young child named Little Albert to fear rats?

The technique of using desensitization involves

Micah is extremely afraid of rats,but not of hamsters or gerbils.Micah's behavior illustrates

When parents belittle,scream at,or physically abuse their children,the parents,themselves,becomes __________for fear and withdrawal.

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs,the conditioned stimulus was the

Many involuntary,autonomic system responses ("fight-or-flight" reflexes)are linked with new stimuli and situations by

A dog participating in dog agility training must navigate a variety of obstacles,such as jumping over hurdles,walking over seesaws,and running through tunnels with its trainer only able to reinforce the dog with a snack or hug after the dog completes the entire sequence.This dog training is accomplished through

Any identifiable behavior,which includes observable actions,such as blinking or turning a doorknob,or internal actions,such as having a faster heartbeat,is considered a(n)

Regarding superstitious behavior,which of the following statements is TRUE?

During classical conditioning,the sound of a clap is paired with a puff of air as air is delivered to the eye.The clap is referred to as the __________ stimulus.

If you wear a particular tie and gets lots of compliments,you are more likely to wear this tie more often.This illustrates

Ms.Reed's emotional reaction to her ordeal of being trapped in an elevator for several hours has generalized to a fear of all enclosed spaces.This is an example of

A nurse elicits fear and anxiety as a result of being present when a child received a shot.If this same nurse is paired with a thermometer,the child may also learn to fear the thermometer.This situation demonstrates

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned emotional response?