Exam 6: A: Conditioning and Learning

Vicarious classical conditioning occurs when a person learns to respond emotionally to a stimulus

To determine whether attendance at sports events is an operant reinforcer for a particular teenager,such attendance would have to

A reinforcement is any event that

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two types of __________ learning.

Pushing a particular button on the TV remote control is reinforced by gaining the consequence you desire,such as changing channels or muting an obnoxious commercial.This illustrates

Which of the following is a dependable,inborn stimulus-and-response connection?

Through behavioral therapy,Jennifer was able to extinguish her fear of dogs and to actually pet a dog without tensing up.However,Jennifer has a new neighbor with a large dog that growled at her the first time she tried to pet it.Now,Jennifer's fearfulness toward all dogs has returned.This reoccurrence of her past fear is an example of

Learned reactions worsen many cases of hypertension.For example,traffic jams and arguments with a spouse can trigger a dangerous rise in blood pressure because these situations have become

Acts that are reinforced tend to be repeated is the basic principle behind __________ learning.

The learned ability to respond differently to various stimuli is known as

A phobia is best interpreted as a

In a television commercial,an advertiser shows a party scene with many college-age students having a great time.The advertiser's product,a new lite-beer,is prominently displayed in the scene.This advertiser is hoping that his product will become associated with fun.Therefore,when a college student is in a store,he or she will associate this new beer will good feelings and fun.The advertiser is depending on which of the following to sell his product?

Classical conditioning tends to involve

Because three-year-old Susie was scratched by her neighbor's furry black cat,she developed a phobia for the cat as well as becoming fearful of any black,furry object,including her mother's black fake fur hat.Susie's fear of her mother's hat and any other furry black object demonstrates

According to the informational view,the brain learns to anticipate the future event of the US following the CS.Thus,this view explains classical conditionig in terms of

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs,the unconditioned stimulus was the

Three-year-old Josh has been classically conditioned to salivate to a bell.We now clap our hands and then ring the bell.Little Josh will soon learn to salivate when we clap our hands because of

The initial period in conditioning during which a response is reinforced is called

In which type of learning are new behavior patterns molded by changing the probability that various responses will be made?

Which of the following often spread conditioned emotional responses (CERs)to other stimuli,which results in a limited fear becoming a disabling phobia?